Actin Filaments are present in:
The cell's cortex
Microtubules are present in:
The cell's interior
Cytokinesis in plant and animal cells
... [Show More] takes two forms:
Animal: Contractile Ring Formation
Plant: Phragmoplast Formation
An important checkpoint regulator is at the Gap 2/M-phase transition. Here, Cyclin B and cdkl1 activate and form MPF which becomes a _____ _____ and causes DNA to condense into _____.
Histone Kinase
Chromosomes
The _____ begins to be destroyed at the Metaphase of the cell cycle causing the chromosomes to begin to _____.
Cyclin B1
Decondense
The activation of both MPF and MAPK result in _____ _____ of the cytoplasm during M-phase.
Settling down
MAPK has two different functions depending on where this Kinase acts in the _____ _____. If the Kinase becomes active during interphase, the cell is triggered to progress through the _____ _____.
Cell cycle
Cell cycle
Two types of second messengers discussed in lecture can exist downstream of a plasma membrane receptor. These are _____ and _____.
Cyclic AMP
MAP Kinase
There are two basic forms of cytoplasmic signaling (i.e signal transduction). One uses _____ and the other uses _____.
Protein Kinases
Calcium Signal
What is the difference between a single-pass transmembrane protein and a 7-pass transmembrane protein?
A single pass TMP is a singular protein that passes once through the bilayer. A 7-pass protein passes through the bilayer 7 times, creating a channel for ions to pass through. A single pass TMP cannot create an ion channel.
Is a cancer cell anchorage independent and immortal, or is it anchorage dependent and mortal? Do they exhibit contact inhibition?
They are anchorage independent and immortal, and they do not exhibit contact inhibition, because they continue to grow despite their surroundings.
If something is soluble in water, a hydration forms around it and it is termed:
Hydrophilic.
What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions?
The paramecium cannot fit any more biomachinery into its space.
What limits an individual cell from becoming more complex?
Division of labor.
T/F: In your own multicellular body, different cells have a division of labor between them:
True.
T/F: A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal:
True.
Comparing a single-celled Eukaryotic organism with a multi-cellular organism such as yourself, what is the major difference:
Division of labor.
T/F: In your own multicellular body, cells with different functions have different DNA:
False.
A single celled Eukaryotic organism:
Has a limited number of biomolecular machines
Must find food, shelter, a mate, and reproduce
Must escape from predators
The paramecium discussed in class has contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the:
Kidney.
T/F: A cell that is anchorage-dependent for growth will also exhibit contact inhibition:
True.
In order to examine cells that are smaller than can be detected by the human eye, what needs to be used?
Technology.
Compared to bacteria, which of the cell types are not responsible for finding food?
Lymphocyte
Macrophage
Fibroblast
In cell biology, what can limit the progress of science?
Technology.
T/F: The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney:
True.
T/F: A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal:
False.
T/F: The paramecium swims by way of using a flagella:
False.
T/F: The cytoskeleton allowed the primitive cell to become motile:
True.
T/F: Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory:
True.
T/F: The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contains the cell-equivalent of super-glue:
True.
T/F: Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory:
True.
T/F: It is presumed that the peroxisomes evolved in these primitive proto-eukayotes to remove oxygen, which was toxic to the primitive cells:
True.
What limits how big a cell can be?
The surface area to volume ratio. [Show Less]