Comparing a single-celled eukaryotic organism with a multicellular organism such as yourself identify the major difference from the list below.
A. Escape ... [Show More] from predator
B. Finding a mate
C. Division of Labor
D. Find it's own food
E. Nucleus
C. Division of labor
The paramecium swims by way of using a flagella.
FALSE
The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney.
TRUE
The paramecium discussed in class contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the:
A. Heart
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Mouth
E. Answer is not listed
B. Kidney
In your own multicellular body, cells with different functions have different DNA.
FALSE
A single-celled eukaryotic organism:
A. Has a limited number of biomolecular machines.
B. Must find food, shelter, a mate and reproduce
C. Escape from predators
D. None of the above
E. Answers A,B,C
E. Answers A,B,C
A cell that is anchorage-dependent for growth will also exhibit contact inhibition.
TRUE
In your own multicellular body, different cells in your body have a division of labor between them.
TRUE
Compared to bacteria which of the cell types below are not responsible for finding food"
A. Lymphocyte
B. Macrophage
C. Fibroblast
D. None of the above
E. Answers a, b, and c
E. Answers A, B, C
What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions?
Limited number of biomolecular machines
A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal.
TRUE
In order to examine cells which are smaller than can be detected by the human senses what needs to be used? (pick the best answer).
A. Patience
B. Hypotheses
C. Technology
D. A cell trap
E. None of the above
C. Technology
In Cell Biology what can limit the progress of science?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Progress
C. Eating
D. Bacteria
E. Technology
E. Technology
A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal.
FALSE
A cell that is itself an organism must have a minimum of four needs presented in lecture. List these four things.
Find food, find shelter, find a mate, and reproduce
Write a few sentences that explain what limits an individual cell from becoming more complex.
Limited number in biomolecular machines
What limits how big a cell can be?
A. Color
B. Wavelength
C. The surface area to volume ratio
D. Resolution
E. Type of electron microscopy.
The surface area to volume ratio.
TEM provides a thin, two-dimensional section of the object being studied.
TRUE
In an extant prokaryotic cell, the outer boundary of life is the capsule.
FALSE
The ancient earth did not contain much oxygen.
TRUE
Why is it important to know the limitations of technology?
Unable to view live cells under SEM magnification, Microscopy is limited with magnification.
DNA in extant prokaryotic cells is circular.
TRUE
Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory.
TRUE
The cytoskeleton gave rise to the nuclear envelope.
FALSE
The presumed first step in the transition of the primitive, proto-prokaryotic cell into the primitive, proto-eukaryotic cell was the loss of the cell wall.
Group of answer choices
FALSE
List one limitation of the cell culture technique.
-Not all cells grow in culture
-Cells lose their histotype (in vivo shape) and 3-D structure of tissue is changed
-Metabolism likely changes
It is presumed that the peroxisomes evolved in these primitive, proto-eukaryotes to remove oxygen, which was toxic to the primitive cells.
TRUE
A normal cell is ____________and _________________for growth.
Mortal
Anchorage-dependant
Motility improved the fitness of these early cells because:
It allowed them to make a nuclear envelope.
It caused them to acquire ribosomes.
It allowed them to move away from predators and towards food.
Two of the above.
None of the above.
It allowed them to move away from predators and towards food
Loss of the cell wall was required for the endomembrane system theory.
Group of answer choices
TRUE
When cancer cells are crowded by surrounding cells, the cancer cells become spherical and they can still go through cell division.
TRUE
The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contains the cell equivalent of super-glue.
TRUE
After a cell is pancake shaped in a cell culture dish, the order of events that occurs as a cell walks is (pick the best order):
A. Lamellipodia, filopodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber.
B. Cell muscle, cell super-glue, retraction fiber, lamellipodia.
C. Filapodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber.
D. Two of the above.
E. None of the above.
C. Filapodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber.
Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory.
TRUE
Fluorescence microscopy is a form of light microscopy.
Group of answer choices
TRUE
The cytoskeleton enabled the primitive cell to become motile.
TRUE
Finish the sentence based on my lectures: The association of ribosomes with _________________ invaginations would support the ______________ theory.
Membrane
Endomembrane
Active transport uses ATP to move components in parallel with their concentration gradient, that is: from a high concentration to a low concentration.
FALSE
What are the two functions of a membrane?
- Regulating which molecules go in and out of the cell
- Separating incompatible processes occurring within organelles
If something is soluble in water a of hydration forms around it and it is termed
Hydrophilic
We are made up of ______ percent water.
50-70%
The plasma membrane gets new lipids from:
A.The lumen of the ER.
B. The lumen of the Golgi apparatus.
C. Making new lipids at the plasma membrane.
D. The nucleus.
E. None of the above.
E. None of the above
What is the difference between a single-pass transmembrane protein and a 7-pass transmembrane protein?
Because the inside of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, this one hydrophobic peak indicates the glycophorin only cross the phospholipid bilayer once, and thus a single pass protein. Multi pass proteins cross the plasma membrane multiple times.
A single pass trans-membrane protein that is an alpha helix can make a channel.
FALSE
Cholesterol is _____ to have in biological membranes.
Good
Explain the evolutionary origin of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and vesicles.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the modification of proteins and the synthesis of lipids.
The Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and vesicles all evolved from the endomembrane system which is when the cells surface became flexible many millions of years ago due to losing the cell wall. This allowed for the exchanging of material with the environment to happen rapidly, which then lead to the cell to sustain a larger volume and have a more rapid metabolism.
The ER is contiguous with the nuclear envelope.
TRUE
Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein to let components move down their concentration gradient.
TRUE
Explain how the vesicles are carried from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.
The vesicles are carried from the Golgi to the plasma membrane by the microtuble system (which doesn't reach all the way to the plasma membrane) so then it later goes to the actin filament system (which are connected to plasma membrane)
For a protein to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the endoplasmic reticulum's lumen or part of the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane:
A. The messenger RNA goes directly to the ER.
B. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a signal sequence.
C. Ribosomes at the endoplasmic reticulum bind to the protein
D. Is a random event and one day the protein could go to the ER and on another day the same protein could associate with a free polyribosome.
E. None of the above.
B. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a signal sequence.
Explain the evolutionary origin of mitochondria.
Anaerobic eukaryote engulfed an aerobic alpha-proteobacterium which then became an endosymbiont providing ATP from respiration while receiving substrates and protection
It is a simple matter (i.e., thermodynamically favorable) for a vesicle to form from the endoplasmic reticulum.
FALSE
Amino acids can be largely subdivided into two groups. What are the two groups?
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic.
The ER is contiguous with the Golgi apparatus.
FALSE
What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid?
Triglycerides have three fatty acids attached to the glycerol whereas phospholipids have one of the fatty acids replaced by a phosphate group.
What are the orphaned organelles orphaned from?
Orphaned from the endomembrane system
When a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane the contents of the lumen of the vesicle are:
A. Ligands that enter the nucleus.
B. Ligands that become the part of the plasma membrane.
C. Ligands that are used in cell communication.
D. Two of the above.
E. Part of the nuclear pore complex.
C. Ligands that are used in cell communication.
Draw a phospholipid and make sure the numbers of carbons are clearly identified.
Heterochromatin does not exist in interphase nuclei.
FALSE
Naked DNA does not exist in Nature but scientists can make naked DNA in a test tube.
TRUE
Molecular motors run on which two cytoskeletal filament systems?
ACTIN FILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES
Chromosomes are made out of Euchromatin.
FALSE
The diameter of an intermediate filament is 25 nm.
FALSE [Show Less]
