Elongation (body part appears longer than normal) is caused by angulation along the ________ axis of the part being imaged. -
... [Show More] ANSWER-Long
Foreshortening (body part appears shorter than normal) is caused by angulation against the ________ axis of the part being imaged. - ANSWER-Main
Grids are constructed of ________ strips separated by ________ interspacers. - ANSWER-1) Lead
2) Aluminum
The height of the lead strips divided by the distance between the lead strips is known as: - ANSWER-Grid Ratio
Grid Ratio Formula: - ANSWER-H/D
The number of lead strips in a grid per inch (or centimeter) is known as: - ANSWER-Grid Frequency
The measure of the ability of a grid to increase contrast is the ________. - ANSWER-Contrast Improvement Factor
The ratio of primary radiation transmitted through the grid to secondary radiation transmitted through the grid is the ________. - ANSWER-Grid Selectivity
Grid conversion factor (GCF) is the amount of exposure ________ necessary to compensate for the ________ of image-forming x-rays and scatter in the cleanup process. - ANSWER-1) Increase
2) Absorption
Grid conversion factor is also known as: - ANSWER-Bucky Factor Value
How do you calculate the new mAs required for a specific grid using the grid conversion factor? - ANSWER-GCF of selected grid times the current mAs
What is the grid conversion factor for a 5:1 grid? - ANSWER-2
What is the grid conversion factor for a 8:1 grid? - ANSWER-4
What is the grid conversion factor for a 12:1 grid? - ANSWER-5
What is the grid conversion factor for a 16:1 grid? - ANSWER-6
When normal density appears in the middle of a radiograph with decreased density on the sides, this is likely a result of: - ANSWER-Grid Upside Down
When image-forming x-rays are absorbed all across the radiographic field, with cutoff (decreased density) visible over the entire radiograph, this is a result of: - ANSWER-Grid Off-Level
When the central ray does not strike the grid in the center, and there is visible cutoff more to one side of the radiograph than the other, the cause is: - ANSWER-Lateral Decentering
When there is normal density in the middle of the radiograph, with cutoff visible on the sides, the cause is likely to be: - ANSWER-Grid-Focus Decentering
________ is the distance at which focused grids may be used. - ANSWER-Grid Focus
Focus range is ________ for low-ratio grids. - ANSWER-Wide
Focus range is ________ for high-ratio grids. - ANSWER-Narrow
Generally, grids are used when the body part being imaged is ________ cm thick or greater, or when more than ________ kVp is used. - ANSWER-1) 10
2) 60
What type of build is massive, represents 5% of the population, has a broad and deep thorax, high diaphragm, high colon, and a stomach and gallbladder that are high and horizontal? - ANSWER-Hypersthenic
What body type is a slight modification of hypersthenic, is the most common body habitus, and is present in 50% of the population? - ANSWER-Sthenic
What body type is between asthenic and sthenic and is present in 35% of the population? - ANSWER-Hyposthenic
What body type is a slender build, is present in 10% of the population, has a narrow and shallow thorax, long thoracic cavity, long lungs, low diaphragm, short abdominal cavity, low colon, and a stomach and gallbladder that are low, vertical, and near the midline? - ANSWER-Asthenic
A process is a: - ANSWER-Prominence
A spine is a: - ANSWER-Sharp prominence.
A tubercle is a: - ANSWER-Rounded projection.
A tuberosity is a: - ANSWER-Large rounded projection.
A trochanter is a: - ANSWER-Very large body prominence.
A crest is a: - ANSWER-Ridge
A condyle is a: - ANSWER-Round process of an articulating bone.
A head is a: - ANSWER-Enlargement at the end of a bone.
A fossa is a: - ANSWER-Pit
A groove is a: - ANSWER-Furrow
A sulcus is: - ANSWER-Synonymous with a groove.
A sinus is a: - ANSWER-Cavity within a bone.
A foramen is a: - ANSWER-Opening
A meatus is: - ANSWER-Tubelike
Fibrous joints are known as ________. - ANSWER-Synarthroses
Fibrous joints are generally ________ and have no joint cavity or capsule. - ANSWER-Immovable
Cartilaginous joints are known as ________. - ANSWER-Amphiarthroses
Cartilaginous joints are ________ movable, but have no joint cavity and are contiguous bones united by cartilage and ligaments. - ANSWER-Slightly
Synovial joints are known as ________. - ANSWER-Diarthroses
Synovial joints are ________ movable, and have bones held together by a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane and ligaments. - ANSWER-Freely
There are ________ types of movements capable with synovial joints. - ANSWER-6
A ________ joint permits motion in one plane only, such as an elbow. - ANSWER-Hinge
A ________ joint permits rotary movement in which a ring rotates around a central axis, such as a proximal radio-ulner articulation. - ANSWER-Pivot
A ________ joint has opposing surfaces that are concavo-convex, and allow flexion, extension, adduction and abduction, such as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. - ANSWER-Saddle
A ________ joint is capable of movement in an infinite number of axes, and has a round head of one bone that moves in a cuplike cavity of the approximating base, such as a hip. - ANSWER-Ball and Socket
A ________ joint is capable of permitting articulation of contiguous bones and allows only for gliding momements, such as a wrist or ankle. - ANSWER-Gliding
A ________ joint permits movement in two directions at right angles to one another. Circumduction is possible, but rotation is not. Occurs in areas such as the radiocarpal joints. - ANSWER-Condyloid
A ________ skull is considered to be a typical skull. - ANSWER-Mesocephalic
A ________ skull is short from front to back, and broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base. - ANSWER-Brachycephalic
A ________ skull is long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base. - ANSWER-Dolichocephalic
Digital radiography is more efficient in ________, ________ and ________ than screen-film radiography. - ANSWER-1) Time
2) Space
3) Personnel
What are the three basic components of a DR imaging system? - ANSWER-1) Capture Element
2) Coupling Element
3) Collection Element
What is a capture element? - ANSWER-The location where the x-ray is captured.
In CR, the capture element is ________ phosphor. - ANSWER-1) Photostimulable
In DR, the capture element may be ________, ________, ________ or ________. - ANSWER-1) Cesium Iodide (CsI)
2) Sodium Iodide (NaI)
3) Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GdOS)
4) Amorphous Selenium (a-Se)
What is a coupling element? - ANSWER-It is where the x-ray generated signal is transferred to the collection element.
A coupling element may be a ________ or ________ optic assembly, a ________ layer or ________. - ANSWER-1) Lens
2) Fiber
3) Contact
4) a-Se
What is a collection element? - ANSWER-The area in which the x-ray signal is captured via light or electrons.
The collection system may be a ________, a ________ or a ________. - ANSWER-1) Photodiode
2) CCD
3) TFT
A photodiode and a CCD are light-sensitive devices that collect light ________. - ANSWER-Photons
A TFT is a charge-sensitive device that collects ________. - ANSWER-Electrons
A CCD is a highly ________-sensitive device with ________ principal advantageous imaging characteristics. - ANSWER-1) Light
2) Three
What are the three imaging characteristics of a CCD? - ANSWER-1) Sensitivity
2) Dynamic Range
3) Size
What is sensitivity in relation to a CCD? - ANSWER-The ability of the CCD to detect and respond to very low levels of visible light.
What is dynamic range in relation to a CCD? - ANSWER-The ability of the CCD to respond to a wide range of light intensity, from very dim to very bright.
A CCD has a ________ sensitivity for radiation and a much ________ dynamic range than screen-film image receptors. - ANSWER-1) Higher
2) Wider
Using a CCD image receptor as opposed to a screen-film image receptor results in a much ________ patient dose. - ANSWER-Lower
With the use of a CCD, image ________ is unrelated to image receptor x-ray exposure. - ANSWER-Contrast
With a CCD, the four decades of radiation response (0 to 10,000) can be visualized by image ________. - ANSWER-Postprocessing
A CCD is very ________, which makes it highly adaptable to ________ in its various forms. - ANSWER-1) Small
2) DR
A CCD measures approximately ________ cm, but the pixel size is only ________ µm. - ANSWER-1) 1 to 2
2) 100 x 100
One successful approach to DR utilizes ________ CCDs receiving light from a ________. - ANSWER-1) Tiled
2) Scintillator
The scintillation light from a CsI phosphor is efficiently transmitted through ________ to the CCD array. - ANSWER-Fiber Optic Bundles
Light from a CsI phosphor that is delivered to the CCD array results in high x-ray capture efficiency and good ________ resolution up to ________ lp/mm. - ANSWER-1) Spacial
2) 5
CsI/CCD is an ________ DR process by which x-rays are converted first to ________ then to ________ signal. - ANSWER-1) Indirect
2) Light
3) Electric
Overcoming the challenge of creating a seamless image at the edge of each CCD is accomplished by ________ of pixel values at each tile ________. - ANSWER-1) Interpolation
2) Interface
An early application of DR involved the use of CsI to capture the x-rays, as well as transmission of the resulting scintillation light to a ________ element. - ANSWER-Collection
A collection element is ________ sandwiched as a ________. - ANSWER-1) Silicon
2) TFT [Show Less]