Piaget's Cognitive Theory
Stages: sensorimotor (object permanence), preoperational (magical thinking/language), concrete operations (logic,
... [Show More] reversibility), formal operations (formal, logical)
Henry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory
behavior is in respond to interpersonal dynamics. Stages: oral gratification/first anxiety, delayed gratification, formation of peer relationships, same sex friendships, opposite sex relationships, self-identity development
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
survival, safety/security, love, self-esteem, self-actualization
Health Belief Model
barriers to health promotion: perception of susceptibility, seriousness of illness, perceived benefits of treatment, barriers to change, expectations of efficacy
Bandura's Self-Efficacy/Social Learning Theory
behavior is a result of cognitive and environmental factors, learned through observation/role-modeling, efficacy predicts change/maintenance
Watson's Caring Theory
Caring is essential component of nursing
Frontal lobe
Frontal lobe: motor function, premotor area, association cortex (decision-making), executive functions (memory, reasoning, planning, prioritizing, insight, flexibility, judgment, impulse control, intelligence, abstraction), language (expressive), personality
Temporal lobe
receptive language, memory, emotion, integration of vision/sensory info (damage results in A/V hallucination, aphasia, amnesia)
Occipital lobe
visual cortex, integration of sensory info (damage results in visual hallucinations, blindness)
Parietal lobe
primary sensory data, taste, reading/writing (damage results in sensory disturbances, agnosia)
Cerebellum
processing of sensory info from thalamus, including speech/cognition, judgment, perception, motor function, equilibrium (if damaged, atataxia, negative Rhomberg)
Limbic system
emotions, memory (hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
Hypothalamus
regulates appetite, thirst, libido, circadian rhythm, hormones
Thalamus
relays sensory info and affects emotions, memory, affective behaviors
Hippocampus
memory
Amygdala
regulates mood, fear, emotion, aggression
Basal ganglia/corpus striatum
stabilizes motor activity, movement initiation, learning/automatic motions, EPS, involuntary motor activities (if damaged, bradykinesia, hyperkinesis, dystonia)
Brainstem
where NTs are produced (midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum)
Midbrain
ventral tegmental and substantia nigra (where DA is produced)
Pons
locus ceruleus (where NE is produced)
Medulla
autonomic control center for internal body functions
Reticular formation system
primitive brain controls involuntary movement, reflex, blood pressure, respiratory rate, vital signs, muscle tone (if damaged, LOC)
Structural imaging
CT (3D view of brain, nonspecific), MRI (superior but expensive)
Functional imaging
EEG (evoked potentials, least expensive, shows electrical function of CNS), MEG (often used with EEG, detects electrical activity in the brain), SPECT (cerebral blood flow, expensive), PET (very expensive)
Structural/functional diagnostic tests
fMRI, 3fEMRI, DA receptor binding
Fever can indicate agranulocytosis in these meds
carbamazepine, clozapine [Show Less]