Week 1 Concepts: Questions and Answers
Introduction - General Functions of the Cardiovascular System
An Introduction to Erythrocytes, Their Role,
... [Show More] Homeostasis, Disorders, Blood Groups, and Clinical Significance
Introduction to Leukocytes
Introduction to Thrombocytes
1. The type of blood cells that help fight infection are
Erythrocytes
Osteocytes
Astrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
2. The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called
Leukocytosis.
Agglutination.
Leukopenia.
Hematopoiesis.
Erythroblastosis.
3. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
Transports a variety of nutrients
Helps to regulate body temperature
Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
Produces hormones
4. What are the components of the circulatory system?
Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
Heart and Blood Vessels
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
5. If you need to examine antibodies against a virus in a patient, which part of the blood will you need?
WBC
Plasma
RBC
Platelets
6. An athlete is training for a marathon, which hormone do you think may help in enhancing the performance in the competition?
Cytokines
Interferons
Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
7. Where does hematopoiesis take place in adults?
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Liver
Thymus
8. Centrifugation of blood gives a buffy coat. This does NOT contain ________.
Lymphocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
9. A normal hematocrit is ________ of the total blood volume.
Less than 1%
47% to 63%
25% to 37%
42% to 45%
37% to 52%
10. Which plasma protein is accurately described?
Albumin: Transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Albumin: Blood clot formation
Fibrinogen: Transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
Immunoglobulin: Fighting infections
11. In blood plasma, the % of water is approximately:
98%
92%
1%
25%
46%
12. Between all three plasma proteins, which is the most abundant?
Bilirubin
Acetycholine
Insulin
Creatinine
Albumin
13. As a result of liver failure, blood protein concentration:
Increases and water accumulates in cells
Decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces
Decreases and water accumulates in cells
Increases and water accumulates in tissue spaces
14. "Formed elements" in our blood include:
Plasma and waste
Serum and plasma
Carbon and oxygen
Blood and lymph
Blood cells and platelets
15. Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma?
Electrolytes
Albumin
Hormones
Hemoglobin
Metabolic wastes
16. Which of the following leukocytes are classified as agranulocytes?
Erythrocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
17. The myeoblast cell line gives rise to which mature blood cells?
Erythrocytes and platelets
T cells and B cells
Monocytes and lymphocytes
Neutrophils and basophils
18. Plasma resembles serum but has which additional protein?
Platelets
Glucose
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Nitrogenous wastes
19. The percentage of red blood cells within a volume of blood is:
Hemoglobin
Plasma
Hematocrit
Platelets
20. What are the two principal functions of erythrocytes?
Transfer carbon dioxide from the lungs to tissues
Transfer nitrogen from the tissues to the lungs
Transfer nitrogen from lungs to tissues
Transfer oxygen from tissues to lungs
Transfer oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
21. The biconcave formed elements that lack mitochondria and a nucleus are called:
Red blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells
Macrophages
22. The most common type of formed elements in blood are of this type:
Albumins
Basophils
Erythrocytes
Neutrophils
Platelets
23. Hemoglobin helps in carrying __________ gas.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
24. Which of the following are characteristics of type A positive blood. Select all that apply.
Plasma has anti-B antibodies.
Plasma has anti-A antibodies.
Erythrocytes have A antigens.
Erythrocytes have Rh antigens.
Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes.
25. Which of the following transfusions are not compatible?
Donor is type AB, recipient is type B
Donor blood is type O, recipient is Type O
Donor RBC has A antigen, recipient plasma anti-B antibody
Donor RBC has B antigen, recipient plasma has antibody anti-A
Donor is type A, recipient is type AB
26. Which component of blood increases its viscosity?
Sodium
Nitrogenous wastes
Gases
Erythrocytes (Polycythemia can result in increased blood pressure, volume, pressure, and viscosity)
Water
27. Blood doping can lead to:
An increase in the nitrogen carrying capacity of the blood.
An increase in the viscosity of the blood.
A decrease in the blood pressure in the arteries.
A decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
28. An individual’s hematocrit would vary with:
Altitude
Sex
Age
Smoking
All of the above
29. Select all that apply. Which of the following are characteristics of Type O blood?
Plasma has anti-B antibodies.
Plasma has anti-A antibodies.
Erythrocytes have B antigens.
Erythrocytes have A antigens.
Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes.
30. What is the correct order for the breakdown and disposal of heme?
Biliverdin > bilirubin > bile
Biliverdin > bile > bilirubin
Bilirubin > bile > biliverdin
Bile > bilirubin > biliverdin
31. Which is the form of anemia caused by lack of Vitamin B12?
Iron deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia
32. The plasma protein transferrin functions to transport _______ whereas immunoglobulins are _____.
Oxygen, clotting proteins
Clotting factors, hormones
Iron ions, antibodies
Lipids, heavy metals
Antibodies, lipids
33. Erythrocytes have a life span of how many days?
360
30
60
10
120
34. ABO and Rh blood types are dependent on antigens found on/in:
Surface of erythrocytes.
Cytosol of the erythrocytes.
Surface of the leukocytes.
Cytosol of the leukocytes.
Surface of platelets.
35. The red blood cells of type AB blood have which anitgens on their surfaces?
Antigen A only
Anitgen B only
Neither antigens A or B
Anitgens A and B
36. Old erythrocytes are phagocytized by:
Platelets.
Basophils
Lymphocytes.
Macrophages.
Mast cells
37. Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur when:
A first Rh-positive fetus develops in an Rh-negative woman.
A first Rh-negative fetus develops in an Rh-negative woman.
A second Rh-positive fetus develops in an Rh-negative woman.
A second Rh-negative fetus develops in an Rh-negative woman.
38. How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?
2
6
8
4
16
39. The hemoglobin in RBC can transfer:
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
Only oxygen.
Only carbon dioxide.
Only nitrogen.
40. The main function of leukocytes is to:
Form clots.
Carry oxygen through the blood.
Defend against pathogens.
Carry carbon dioxide through the blood.
41. Leukocytes are the only formed elements that have:
All of these are correct
Nuceolus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
42. Select all that apply. Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Basophils
Erythrocytes
43. Which type of leukocyte will increase in number during allergic response?
Monocyte
Basophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Eosinophil
44. The type of leukocyte that has a 2 to 7 lobed nucleus is:
Basophil
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
45. A primary function of lymphocytes is to:
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Form blood clots
Act against foreign substances.
Phagocytize damaged cells.
46. Which of the following tests would help clinicians identify an infection?
Blood typing.
Platelet count.
Red blood cell differential count.
Total cell count for red and white blood cells.
White blood cell differential count.
47. These are the most abundant leukocytes and are first to arrive when tissue damage occurs:
Basophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
48. Leukemia is a blood disorder characterized by:
Too many immature leukocytes.
Too many platelets
Not enough red blood cells
Not many platelets
49. Which of the following white blood cell concentrations would represent leukocytosis?
6,000 cells/ml
3,000 cells/ml
1,500 cells/ml
12,000 cells/ml
50. Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia?
Radiation therapy
Dehydration
Lead poisoning
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Immunosuppressant drugs
51. Which leukocyte becomes macrophage after migrating to specific tissues?
Basophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
52. What are the leukocytes that stain red with eosin dye?
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
53. Which type of leukocyte releases heparin?
Basophil
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
54. Platelets have the following organelles in their cytoplasm:
None of the above
Nucleus
Golgi bodies
Chloroplasts
55. Platelets play a key role in _________.
Hemolysis
Hemopoiesis
Hemostasis
Hematopoiesis
56. Bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia, may be caused by deficiency of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
57. If blood clotting is not appropriately controlled it may result in the spontaneous formation of a(n):
Thrombus.
Platelet plug.
Aneurysm.
Embolus.
58. Which of these will most likely be given to a patient with embolic or thrombotic stroke?
T-plasminogen activator
Thrombin
Fibrin
Fibrinogen
59. Which of the following is not required for proper hemostasis?
Calcium
Albumin
Vitamin K
Fibrinogen
60. Hemostasis is completed in three phases. The second phase is called:
Elimination of clots.
Vascular spasm.
Platelet plug formation.
Coagulation.
61. An abnormal blood clot formed in a blood vessel is called:
Embolus.
Thrombus.
Aneurysm.
Platelet plug.
62. Seratonin is released by:
Neutrophils.
Basophils.
Platelets.
Erythrocytes.
63. A mutation in the gene for plasmin that results in non-functional plasmin can cause:
Plasminogen to clot blood faster.
No clotting will occur.
Blood clots will not be dissolved.
Thrombin to activate.
64. Thrombocytopenia is a low presence of:
Leukocytes
Vitamin K
Platelets
Factor VII
65. The final event in the formation of a blood clot is the conversion of:
Thrombin to prothrombin.
Vitamin K to prothrombin.
Fibrin to fibrinogen.
Fibrinogen to fibrin.
66. Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting?
Factor XII converts inactive Factor XI to active Factor XI
Calcium combines with Factor IX
Prothrombin is activated to thrombin
Factor III combines with Factor VII
67. A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching:
A lung through a pulmonary artery.
The heart through a pulmonary artery.
A lung through a pulmonary vein.
The heart through a pulmonary vein.
68. In the first phase of hemostasis there is:
Release of pro-coagulants.
Fibrinolysis.
Blood vessel constriction.
Release of plasmin. [Show Less]