Behaviourist Approach
A01- Describe
Blank Slate (S)
(E) Tabula Rasa
Environmental Determinism
Nurture influence
Immitation
(X) Bandura(1961)-
... [Show More] Bobo Doll Experiment and Observational Learning
Humans and Animals Learn the Same Way (S)
(E) Same brain structure
Quantitative difference
Generalisation
Classical/Operant conditioning
(X) Pavlov/ Skinner findings applied to humans e.g. Little Albert
Behaviour Learnt Through Conditioning
(E) Classical- UCS + NS= CS + CR
Operant- punishment and reinforcement
(X) Pavlov- bell and salivation
Skinner- food pellets as reinforcement
Biological Approach
A01- Describe
Neurotransmitters
(E) Neurones communicate at the synapse
Excitation/inhibition
Medical Model
(X) Volkow- link between dopamine and addiction (2000)
Localisation of Brain Function
(E) Specific functions
Four lobes- occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal
(X) Broca's Area- "Tan" speech and language coordination (temporal)
Wernicke's area
Evolutionary Influences
(E) Natural Selection
Survival
EEA
(X) Darwin
Altruistic behaviour- protect similar genes
Cognitive Approach
A01- Describe
Schemas
(E) Packets of information
Past experience
Application
Beliefs/expectation
(X) Piagat described them as ' basic building blocks to intelligent behaviour'
Innate schemas in infants
Computer Anology
(E) Compares brain to computer
Limited capacity/ process
Input-> process-> output
(X) Attkinson and Shiffrin(1968) - Multistore model of memory (STM and LTM)
Shallice and Warrington(1977) - man LTM unaffected but STM was
Internal Mental Processing
(E) Cognitive process
Language, memory, perception and problem solving
Introspection
(X) Griffiths- gambling. availability bias, illusion of control
Psychodynamic Approach
A01- Describe
(S) Influence of Childhood Experiences
(E) Libido
5 psychosexual phases
Fixation
(X) Little Hans- Oedipus complex & Castration anxiety
(S) The Unconscious Mind
(E) Iceberg Analogy
Conscious, preconscious and unconscious
Ego defences and repression
(X) Little Hans- fear of castration as symbols
(S) Tripartite Personality
(E) Id
Ego
Superego
(X) Ego defences
Id & Oedipus
Positive Approach
A01- Describe
(S) Authenticity of Goodness and Excellence
(E) Positive feelings are as natural as negative
Inherited signature traits
Doing good, causes good feelings
(X) Seligman(2002) - fulfilment and interpersonal; relationships
Wellbeing theory
(S) Acknowledgment of Freewill
(E) In charge of own emotions
Self- directing
Change in lifestyle, Change in attitude
(X) Diener and Seligman(2002)- lifestyle impacts general feelings of happiness e.g. Religion
(S) Focus on the Good Life
(E) Pleasant life- living best life
Good life- good decisions
Meaningful life- aiming for legacy
(X) Seligman- by maintaining and making the right path for ourselves, we can be happy [Show Less]