Wildland Firefighting Exam - Questions with Verified Answers An initial attack fire is one in which the fire is generally contained within ____ hours
... [Show More] after first dispatched attack units, and full control is expected within the first burning period 2 hours First burning First burning period. From the time a fire starts until ____ the following day 10:00 am An ____ fire is one in which the first dispatched attack units must be substantially augmented by additional ground and air attack units extended attack An extended attack fire is contained during the ____ burning period with full control expected during the ____ burning period first, second A major fire is a fire that is contained during the ____ or following burning periods and requires extensive forces for control. At least one base camp is established 2nd Smaller fires in brush may dictate use of a " ____" team, whose job it will be to pass up dormant slower burning portions of line in order to knock down portions with greater activity Hot Spotting ____ fire- There is a line completely around the fire and any spot fires there from, and there is a good chance that these lines can be held through the next burning period Contained ____ fire- A fire in which the perimeter spread of a wildfire has been halted by natural or man made barriers and has remained under control throughout the first succeeding burning period Controlled Reducing fuel moisture by half (when it is already low) may cause fire spread not twice but ____ or ____times as fast. 5 or 6 Long distance spotting will more likely occur on the ____ flank of an advancing fire because of the tendency of the smoke column under the influences of wind to rotate in a ____ direction with increase height. right, clockwise Under extreme conditions, larger size fuels will burn faster and hotter, producing temperatures up to ____ degrees 2,650 degrees The phenomenon of increased intensity of conflagration due to multiple adjacent points of combustion is termed ____. Area Ignition Ideal firing operations are conducted from the ____ of a ridge moving downhill into the intended burn with no wind or only a light favorable wind Top A ____ can be described as a violent, noisy tornado of fire, shaped like an elongated inverted funnel. fire whirl The majority of whirlwinds observed by firefighters have occurred on the ____ sides of ridges, near the ____ leeward, top Wildland firefighting equipment has been divided into four overall components consisting of ____ Engines, hand crews, bulldozers and aircraft What is the most commonly used power tool on wildland fires? chain saw Of the various types of apparatus, both air and ground, the ____ is the most versatile Fire Engine In a wildland fire engine, tank size should be no smaller than ____ gallons or much larger than ____ gallons 300 ; 700 On hot burning fires, gallonage discharge should not be less than ____ gpm 30 The fire should be approached with a charged line, and a ____ should be used to knock down flare-ups in front of the nozzle operator straight stream When cutting a line a general rule of thumb is to construct the line ____ times as wide as the fuel is high. one and one half Aircraft, like ground units, are most efficient on small ____ fires. initial attack Air bases are strategically located in CA so any wildfire that will occur i but ____ minutes flight time from the nearest base 20 ____ topography seriously reduces airtanker effectiveness. Deep canyons may rule out their use entirely for certain fire targets Steep Winds over ____ sharply reduce airtanker effectiveness. Shifting and high velocity winds (over ____) and turbulent air may restrict or exclude airtanker use 20 MPH / 40 MPH The vortex ( miniature whirlwinds trailing from the wing tips) may strike the ground with velocities up to ____, sufficient to cause sudden and violent changes in fire behavior on calm days in patchy fuels. 25 MPH ____ are main bases of operation serving a fire. They should be located near a good access road Helibases Generally in a fire organization, the span of control should not be less than ____and no more than ____ 3 ; 7 Proper ____ dictates that each firefighter should have only one supervisor. Unity of Command ____ an estimate of the needed actions and resources required to extinguish a fire Size up Firefighters have a choice of three major methods for combating wildland fires - ____,____,and the ____methods direct attack, parallel attack, indirect attack The ____ method involves working directly on the fires edge direct attack The advantages of the direct attack method consists of: (4) -Holding the size of the fire to a minimum acreage -taking advantage of portions of the line that have gone out due to lack of fuel or poor burning conditions -HIGHER LEVEL OF SAFETY -Reducing loss of resources caused by backfiring or allowing the fire to run to predetermined control lines The disadvantages of the direct attack are (4): -Might not be effective against an intensely hot or fast moving fire -Exposes firefighters to direct flame and smoke -Doesn't normally take advantage of natural or manmade barriers in fires path -requires additional mop up The ____ method consists of fighting wildland fire by constructing control lines at a considerable distance ahead of the main fire. Indirect The disadvantages of the indirect method consists of: - No fire is put out while the control lines are being constructed -additional acreage is sacrificed -portions of the fireline that may have gone out aren't used -places firefighters in front of an advancing fire -may require secondary lines o be constructed - requires a frontal stand with firefighters and/or a successful expected backfiring operation The major advantage to the _____ method is that it allows control of the fire on a predetermined line and reduces the total amount of line to be constructed. Parallel _____ is the most dangerous of the methods. Parallel method of attack. Requires firefighters to work near the fire in unburned fuel. The term ____ sometimes also called ____, refers to removal by fire of residue fuel that remains between a constructed line and the edge of a dead fire. Burning out, firing out Backfiring is an ____ fire control action typically used against a rapidly spreading fire. Indirect Backfires produce conditions that draw other fires. Noticeable wind direction intensity changes have taken place more than a ____ away. Mile A tandem action is a form of ____ attack and involves like suppression units working together or in tandem. direct attack The key to a ____ is the combining of suppression units producing more fireline control than the sum of the units working individually. [Show Less]