Firefighters Handbook on Wildland Firefighters - Q & A With prolonged exposure, temperatures in a fire shelter can reach over? 150 degrees You must be
... [Show More] able to deploy your shelter in how many seconds? 25 sec. or less Three primary weather factors that impact a fire are? temperature relative humidity wind Out of temperature, RH, and wind which is the most influential on fire? Wind Fires usually burn hotter and more intense between which times and why? 10:00 and 1700 hrs because temps are higher, relative humidity is lower and the winds normally increase Why must a lookout be knowledgeable in fire behavior? so they know what to look for, and understand the significance of any changes Common denominators of fatality fires or near misses are small fires innocent appearance light fuels uphill runs turbulence Fire intensity can change quicker in what type of fuels? light fuels, because they are more responsive to changes in relative humidity A fire burning on level ground (up to 5 %) will spread how fast twice as fast when it reaches a 30% slope the rate of spread will double again when it reaches 55% What is LACES? Lookouts Awareness Communications Escape routes Safety zones How many escape routes are needed? have at least two planned routes of escape One of the most reliable safety zones is the? Black The size of the safety zone is dictated by? the fuel, terrain, weather conditions and worst case fire behavior What is a safe distance while walking and working? 10 ft What is one of the biggest killers of wildland firefighters? Snags How do you want to carry a tool? at the balance point of the handle, and on the downhill side What is the primary driving force behind the changes in fire behavior? Weather Weather conditions that affect the start and spread of wildland fires are? wind relative humidity temperature precipitation 1 sq. inch column of air the full depth of the atmosphere weighs how much 14.7 lbs Greatest amount of solar radiation reaches earth around noon, but the highest temps occur when? b/t 1400 and 1600 hrs Of any of the weather factors what has the greatest impact on fire behavior Wind Wind is the primary factor that influences what? fire spread Passage of a cold front will shift wind direction from less than 45 degrees to as much as? 180 degrees What type of wind has the greatest impact on direction a fire will burn? mid-flame What are slope winds and in which direction do the flow local winds that are diurnal (daily) they flow upslope during the day and down slope during the night What are the four winds that are especially dangerous to firefighters? cold front winds Foehn (or gravity) winds winds associated with thunderstorms whirlwinds (dust devils/ firewhirls) As a foehn wind travels down slope it is compressed, becoming what? warmer and drier, causing fuels to dry out Santa ana wind Fires will burn freely if RH is at what 30% or below If RH is at 10% or below, the fire danger is what? critical and extreme fire behavior is possible [Show Less]