What are the five different *vocabularies a person has?
(competency 10, Domain 4)
Listening, speaking, writing, sight(reading), and meaning
... [Show More] (reading).
What are the three causes of poor reading comprehension other than lack of fluency?
(competency 10, Domain 4)
1. Lack of (meaning) vocabulary.
2. Lack of academic language.
3. Lack of Background knowledge.
Name three criteria to consider when deciding which vocabulary words to teach?
(competency 10, Domain 4)
1. Frequency
2. Utility
3. Level of knowledge (unknown vs. acquainted.
How do Tier 2 words differ from Tier 3 words?
(competency 10, Domain 4)
Both are academic language words. Tier 2 words are nontechnical academic language (e.g. summarize, classify, etc.) that are found across domains. Tier 3 are technical and domain specific (e.g. protozoa in science).
How to approach vocabulary instruction:
(competency 11, Domain 4)
1. Direct instruction of target or key words.
2. Teach students word-learning strategies: a) context clues b) Morphemic/structural analysis c) apposition d) cognates e)dictionary skills
3. Develop word consciousness
4. Encourage wide reading.
Research shows that vocabulary instruction should be:
(competency 11, Domain 4)
1. Developmentally appropriate,
2. Using definitions that are kid-friendly.
3. Provide meaningful examples
Vocabulary lessons should include word definitions and what else?
(competency 11, Domain 4)
1. Examples of how words are used in context (sentences).
2. Students should use the words learned in their writing.
3.Students must have repeated exposure:
they need to listen to, speak, read and write new words.
Research has shown that the average student can learn the meaning of how many new words a week?
(competency 11, Domain 4)
9 words per week
When are semantic maps used, and what for?
(competency 11, Domain 4)
When: Pre-reading instruction.
What for: To teach meaning/vocab focusing of a key word/concept and to activate background knowledge of word.
*very effective
How can you develop Word Consciousness in students?
(competency 11, Domain 4) vocab
a. word play/teach synonyms and antonyms
b. teach homophones and homographs.
c. Word of the Day! Write big and post; use word in context.
d. Idioms and Puns
e. Poetry - haiku, limerick
f. Etymology - the history or development of words
What are some interventions for struggling readers and students with learning disabilities?
(competency 11, Domain 4)
Universal Access, providing differentiated instruction:
1. Focus on a key skill (phonics, HF sight words, vocabulary, etc.)
2. Reteach what is lacking-- Differently!(more lessons, slower, different modality)
3. Increase number and variety of examples.
4. Provide additional practice.
5. Use multiple modalities: visual, kinesthetic, tactile.
Interventions for ELs and SELs for reading and vocabulary include:
(competency 11, Domain 4)
SDAIE strategies like,
1. Capitalize on skills from L1 and L2 (cognates, letters)
1a. note and teach differences in L1, L2
2. modeling, scaffolds.
2. Realia; visuals; Concrete examples
3. Build knowledge of English morphemes (roots and affixes)
4. Teach English Syntax, or word order
How to assess vocabulary, academic language, and background knowledge:
(competency 11, Domain 4)
Formal Tests: CAT, SAT, Basal test
Informal:
1. Test by: a) Words used in sentences (not isolation) and answers are phrases. b) Choose a synonym c) Analogies
2. Use in Context: plan a writing activity where students must use target words in it.
How do you assess Language Structure knowledge?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
A CLOZE activity-delete nouns, or verbs
writing sample
error analysis task: sentence with errors
How does poor word analysis skills and fluency affect comprehension?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
Students get bogged down decoding and are unable to focus on meaning of text. Fluency is gateway to comprehension!
Name the three levels or taxonomies that RICA uses to classify reading comprehension skills?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
Literal
Inferential
Evaluative
A)Where are the answers to literal comprehension questions?
B) Name a strategy or activity to build literal comprehension.
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
A) In the book. Literal questions have clearly verifiable answers in the text.
B) Story Maps! Focus on Who, What, Where, When type of questions. Or B,M,E. Story Map, story grammar, or story frame.
Where are answers found to inferential comprehension questions?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
Answers are "in your head" = Text + me
They are How, Why, What next questions.
What is evaluative comprehension?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
The ability of a reader to make judgments about what they have read: bias, fact vs. opinion. Answers are "in your head".
How do instructional conversations aid comprehension?
(Competency 12, Domain 5)
Teacher leads discussion promoting more complex language by asking higher order questions, eliciting a response; with students taking more control of conversation.
Reading comprehension lessons should use:
(Competency 13, Domain 5)
Small group instruction (GPR),
Students at the same instructional level.
Texts at the instructional reading level
Flexible grouping
What direct instruction activities activate background knowledge?
(Competency 13, Domain 5)
- KWL
- PreP (Prereading plans)
-Picture Walk
*They are used prior to reading.
What are the four types of QARs (question-answer relationships)?
(Competency 13, Domain 5)
1. Right there: Literal. Answers are in text.
2. Think and Search: Literal. Answers in text, but in multiple places.
3. Author and you: Answers not in the text. What you know + what author has said. Include inferential and evaluative questions.
4. On my own: Answers are in your head. No text needed. [Show Less]