homophone
two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or both (e.g. bare and bear)
digraph
A
... [Show More] union of two characters representing a single sound.
phoneme
in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
phonology
the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural language.
Phonological awareness
Phonological awareness is a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. Children who have phonological awareness are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds like 'money' and 'mother.'
Phonemic awareness
listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning
Rime
a vowel and any of the following consonants of syllable, as /ook/ in book or brook, /ik/ in strike, and /a/ in play
Alphabetic principle
an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.
Vowels
consonant
Word recognition
...
Word identification
...
Continuous sounds
Continuous sounds are sounds we can hold. "M" is a continuous sound, because we can elongate this phoneme: "Mmmmmmmm."
Stop sounds
Stop sounds are phonemes we can't hold. "C" is an example of a stop sound.
Consonant digraphs
Consonant digraphs are two (or three) letters that come together to make one sound. eg. ph (photograph), ch (chip), sh (ship).
Consonant blends
A consonant blend is when two or more consonants are blended together, but each sound may be heard in the blend. The most common beginning consonant blends include: bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fr, tr, fl, gl, gr, pl, pr, sl, sm, sp and st. Blends can also occur at the end of words as in the word "last".
Vowel digraphs
Digraphs are two letters that spell one sound. Include the letter pairs ai, ay, ee, ea, ie, ei, oo, ou. ow, oe, oo, ue, ey, ay, oy, oi, au, aw. The important thing to remember is that a digraph is made of two letters, and although the letters spell a sound, the digraph is the two letters, not the sound.
Diphthongs
http://www.cdl.org/articles/the-difference-between-dipthongs-and-digraphs/
One vowel sound that formed by the combination of two vowel sounds.
r- controlled vowels
R Controlled Vowels. ... Sometimes teachers refer to the "r" as the "bossy r" because the r "bosses" the vowel to make a new sound. When the "a" is followed by r, it makes the sound you hear in "bar" or "car". When the "o" is followed by the r, it makes the sound you hear in the word "corn". [Show Less]