Tumors of the Brain and Spinal Cord Exam 90 Questions with Verified Answers
A brain tumor that originates in the CNS and consists of CNS cells is
... [Show More] called? - CORRECT ANSWER primary brain tumor
Most common cause of secondary brain tumors. - CORRECT ANSWER lung cancer
What is the most recognized environmental exposure known to cause primary brain tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER ionizing radiation
What is the autosomal-dominant disorder that is characterized by the development of tumors along the nerve shaft? - CORRECT ANSWER neurofibromatosis type 1
What is neurofibromatosis type 1? - CORRECT ANSWER genetic disorder affecting the genes which are responsible for the production of a proteins that suppresses tumor cells along the nerves
Which of the glial cells line the ventricles in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER ependymal cells
An ependymoma commonly presents with... - CORRECT ANSWER obstructive hydrocephalus
Which glial cells form the blood-brain barrier? - CORRECT ANSWER astrocyte cells
Which of the glial cells are responsible for the formation and repair of the myelin sheaths that surround the neurons? - CORRECT ANSWER oligodendrocytes
Which of the glial cells do not multiply to for a tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER microglial cells
What do microglial cells do? - CORRECT ANSWER macrophages that migrate to the sites of inflammation, degeneration, and injured brain cell
Which is the most common location for a CNS tumor to be found? - CORRECT ANSWER meninges
What is the most common malignant CNS tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER glioma
When a tumor is termed extra-axial, where is it located? - CORRECT ANSWER outside of the brain issue
Brain tissue is... - CORRECT ANSWER glial cells
Is a grade I-II benign or malignant? - CORRECT ANSWER benign
If a spinal tumor is described as intramedullary, where would the tumor be located? - CORRECT ANSWER within the spinal cord
The most common site for metastatic spine tumor origination is... - CORRECT ANSWER bone
A glial cell can develop into what type of primary brain tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER glioma
Where is the most common location in the brain for a glioma to develop? - CORRECT ANSWER frontal lobe
Where is the least common location in the brain for a glioma to develop? - CORRECT ANSWER occipital lobe
What is a tumor originating from neurons commonly called? - CORRECT ANSWER neuroma
What are responsible for the impulses in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER neurons
The tumors invading the peripheral nerve sheath is called a... - CORRECT ANSWER schwannoma
What grade of glioma tumor is called an anaplastic tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER grade III
What grade of glioma tumor is called an glioblastoma? - CORRECT ANSWER grade IV
What grade of glioma tumor is called an diffuse astrocytoma? - CORRECT ANSWER grade II
What is the primary mechanism for the complication if hydrocephalus with brain tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER obstruction of CSF flow
A brain tumor can invade the ventricles or compress the ventricular system, resulting in... - CORRECT ANSWER hydrocephalus
What is a common CNS tumor that produces hydrocephalus? - CORRECT ANSWER ependymoma
What is the most common location of a tumor that results in seeding of the tumor cells throughout the CNS? - CORRECT ANSWER leptomeninges and subarachnoid space
What is the most common CNS neuroma? - CORRECT ANSWER acoustic neuroma
Which area of the brain does a craniopharyngioma commonly affect? - CORRECT ANSWER hypothalmus
Would a patient presenting with hemiparesis be considered to have generalized or localized symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER localized
Generalized symptoms of brain tumors include... - CORRECT ANSWER altered LOC, seizures, and cognitive behavior changes
Increases ICP symptoms include... - CORRECT ANSWER headache, altered LOC, vomiting, and papilledema
Symptoms of brainstem lesions commonly involve which set of CNS nerves? - CORRECT ANSWER cranial nerves
CNs that originate in the midbrain... - CORRECT ANSWER III and IV
CNs that originate in the pons... - CORRECT ANSWER V, VI, VII, and VIII
CNs that originate in the medulla... - CORRECT ANSWER IX, X, XI, and XII
A pt presents in the ER with an appearance of being "drunk" and has been diagnosed with a brain tumor. Which is the most likely location of this tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER cerebellum
What controls coordination of movement, fine motor skills, and gait? - CORRECT ANSWER cerebellum
A pituitary tumor often presents with visual deficits. Is the medial or lateral vision most likely to be affected in both eyes? - CORRECT ANSWER lateral
same side = - CORRECT ANSWER ipsilateral
opposite side = - CORRECT ANSWER contralateral
Which hormone produced by the pituitary gland can result in acromegaly in a pituitary adenoma? - CORRECT ANSWER growth hormone
What is commonly the first presentation of an acoustic neuroma? - CORRECT ANSWER dizziness/vertigo
A pt presents with symptoms of N/V, headache, and mental status change. the CT scan found a leptomeningeal tumor. What is the most likely cause of the pt's symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrocephalus
An 8-year-old child presents with N/V, listlessness, morning headache, and ataxia. What is the most likely location and type of tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER medulloblastoma in the posterior fossa
What is a unique symptom of a brain tumor in an infant who still has open cranial fontanels? - CORRECT ANSWER tense and bulging anterior fontanel
What is the most common symptom of a pt with a spinal tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER pain
Which radiographic diagnostic examination is commonly ordered initially in an acute setting? - CORRECT ANSWER CT
What is the "gold standard" radiographic study used to identify the tumor location, characteristic, and mass effects? - CORRECT ANSWER MRI
Which advanced MRI imaging can be used to map eloquent areas of the brain prior to brain tumor surgical resection? - CORRECT ANSWER functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
What is a potential complication of the use of gadolinium contrast in the MRI imaging? - CORRECT ANSWER AKI
Which diagnostic study measures glucose uptake of the brain tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER PET
What does an increased glucose uptake indicate in a PET scan? - CORRECT ANSWER higher malignancy
Tumors located in the sellar region require which diagnostic test to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis? - CORRECT ANSWER lab results
Which is the most diagnostic for determining the brain tumor type and classification? - CORRECT ANSWER brain biopsy
What is the CSF result that would be considered the gold standard for establishing the presence of leptomeningeal tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER presence of malignant cells in CSF
What lab value should be monitored closely when a pt is on a steriod? - CORRECT ANSWER serum glucose levels
In high-grade gliomas, radiation therapy is commonly used in conjunction with which modality of medical management? - CORRECT ANSWER chemotherapy
What chemotherapy delivery system is used to deliver the chemotherapy drug carmustine directly to the tumor bed? - CORRECT ANSWER wafers
A leptomeningeal tumor may be treated with IV chemotherapy drugs used to treat the original tumor cell type. What is different is these tumors regarding the ability to use larger variety of systemically administered drugs that when treating a glioma? - CORRECT ANSWER disruption of the BBB
What is present in CSF with a leptomeningeal tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER elevated protein
What medical management is used to treat a prolactinoma? - CORRECT ANSWER dopamine agonist therapy
What prohibits prolactin secretions? - CORRECT ANSWER dopamine
What preoperative intervention may be used in highly vascular tumors to lower the risk of hemorrhage during surgical resection of the tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER embolization
What is the purpose of performing an awake craniotomy and cortical brain mapping? - CORRECT ANSWER to identify eloquent areas if brain and prevent injury
What surgical approach is used to remove a pituitary tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER Transphenoidal surgery
What is a potential reason for an incomplete surgical excision of a tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER invasion into an eloquent area of brain
Area of the brain with a specific function is called an... - CORRECT ANSWER eloquent area
What is the primary recommendation for a pt presenting with an acute loss of motor function due to a spinal tumor? - CORRECT ANSWER surgical resection of tumor
What is a common complication of a posterior fossa surgery for tumor resection? - CORRECT ANSWER CSF leak
Surgical resection of a tumor adjacent to Broca's area can result in which deficit? - CORRECT ANSWER expressive aphasia
Broca's area in the frontal lobe controls... - CORRECT ANSWER one's ability to speak
The frontal lobe controls... - CORRECT ANSWER one's memory and personality
Wernicke's area in the temporal lode controls... - CORRECT ANSWER one's ability to receive/interpret information
The parietal lobe controls... - CORRECT ANSWER one's sensation and position
Which tumors locations is more likely to present with seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER cortical gray matter
The progression of the brain tumor, cerebral edema, or hemorrhage may cause what? - CORRECT ANSWER seizures
Which type of glial tumor is most likely to develop the complication of hydrochephalus? - CORRECT ANSWER ependymoma in the ventricles
A meningioma is most commonly a grade I tumor. What is the complication of an atypical or anaplastic meningioma? - CORRECT ANSWER brain tissue invassion
A pt is on the unit following a pituitary adenoma removal sing the transphenoidal approach. He develops a sudden increase in urine output. What is the most likely complication experienced by this pt? - CORRECT ANSWER DI
Increased urine output, hypernatremia, serum hyperosmolality, and decrease in urine specific gravity indicates what? - CORRECT ANSWER diabetes insipidus
What complication can occur with a tumor causing spinal nerve root compression? - CORRECT ANSWER bladder dysfunction
5TH TO 7TH DECADES OF LIFE - CORRECT ANSWER PEAK INCIDENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS OCCURS
MEN - CORRECT ANSWER HIGHER INCIDENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS THAN IN WOMEN.
GENETIC OR HEREDITARY FACTORS - CORRECT ANSWER MAYBE CAUSED BY SOME TUMORS.
CANCERS OF THE LUNG 35%, BREAST 20%, SKIN 10%, KIDNEY 10% AND GI 5% - CORRECT ANSWER METASTATIC TUMORS TO BRAIN MOST COMMONLY ARISE FROM - [Show Less]