What are the 8 components to the Trauma System? - ANS 1. Rapid identification of the injury,
followed by easy access to EMS with a central dispatching
... [Show More] system
2. Appropriately trained and appropriate level of EMS providers available on scene
3. Pre-hospital triage protocols authorizing EMS providers to make triage decisions before the
patient is taken to the hospital
4. A communication system that allows direct conversation between pre-hospital providers,
trauma center personnel, and physicians who provide medical direction
5. A designated trauma center with immediate availability of specialized surgeons, anesthesia
providers, nurses, equipment, and radiologic capabilities.
6. A system that coordinates care among all levels of trauma centers and an interfacility
transfer process that allows for prompt transfer of the patient to a higher level of care.
7. Access to rehabilitative services in both the acute and long-term phases of recovery.
8. A thorough performance improvement plan that includes all aspects of trauma care (prehospital through rehabilitation) and ensures "loop closure"
What is primary prevention in the trauma continuum? - ANS Designed to prevent occurrence of
the injury
What is secondary prevention in the trauma continuum? - ANS Designed to reduce the severity
of the injury that has occurred
What is tertiary prevention in the trauma continuum? - ANS Improvement in outcomes related
to traumatic injury
What are the goals of primary prevention? - ANS To reduce injury and save money
What are the steps of injury prevention? (3) - ANS 1. Injury incidence is monitored through data
collection
2. Injury risk factors are identified and used to identify where, who, and with whom
3. Evaluate effectiveness of effort on injury occurrence
What is the term for the number of new cases of an injury that occur during a specified period
of time in a population at risk for that injury? - ANS Incidence
What is the term for the number of affected persons with a particular injury present in the
population at a specified time divided by the number of persons in the population at that time?
- ANS Prevalence
What is the number of people alive with the effects of a particular disease or illness? - ANS
Morbidity
What is the term for the number of deaths in a specified time frame? - ANS Mortality
What is the term for measurable costs of healthcare such as medical care costs, costs of
rehabilitation, etc.? - ANS Direct costs
What is the term for the value of foregone productivity? - ANS Indirect Costs
What is the term for costs like property damage, police and fire services, etc.? - ANS Additional
costs
What are the 6 components of Injury Incidence? - ANS 1. What is the magnitude of this injury
(incidence and prevalence)?
2. What is the severity of this injury (mortality and morbidity)?
3. How preventable is this injury?
4. What are the costs of this injury (direct, indirect, other costs)?
5. Are some societal groups disproportionately affected?
6. What is the public's interest in this injury problem?
What are things to consider when identifying injury risk factors? - ANS What human factors may
lead to or contributed to the injury?
What factor in the agent (e.g. the motor vehicle) may lead to or contributed to the injury?
What physical factors in the environment may lead to or contributed to the injury?
What social factors in the environment may lead to or contributed to the injury?
What four factors might injury prevention focus on? - ANS 1. Engineering (side impact airbags,
athletic safety gear)
2. Enforcement/Legislation (driving while intoxicated or booster seat laws)
3. Education (PSA's, high school education)
4. Economic Incentives (fines for traffic offenses, increase insurance premiums)
List the critical injuries that the American College of Surgeons recommends for transfer to a
Level 1 or Highest Regional Trauma Center. - ANS Carotid or Vertebral Artery Injury
Torn Thoracic Aorta or Great Vessel
Cardiac Rupture
Bilateral Pulmonary Contusions with PaO2:FiO2 ratio <200 mmHg
Major abdominal vascular injuries
Grade 4 or 5 liver injuries requiring >6 units of RBC in 6 hours [Show Less]