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BIO202_MH_V3
Topic 10: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance
Started on Friday, October 22, 2021, 7:19 PM
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Completed on Friday, October 22, 2021, 7:54 PM
Time taken 34 mins 51 secs
Grade 40.00 out of 40.00 (100%)
Question 1
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Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to
Select one:
a. metabolic acidosis.
b. metabolic alkalosis.
c. respiratory acidosis.
d. respiratory alkalosis.
e. None of these choices is correct.
Question 2
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Which of the following events occurs last?
Select one:
a. release of renin by the kidney
b. release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
c. sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
d. angiotensinogen → angiotensin I
e. angiotensin I → angiotensin II
Question 3
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Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?
Select one:
a. 3-year-old male
b. 15-year-old male
c. 35-year-old male
d. 35-year-old female
e. 50-year-old male
Question 4
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An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood
pH.
Select one:
a. decrease, decrease
b. decrease, increase
c. increase, increase
d. increase, decrease
e. increase, no change
Question 5
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Bob Trotts has an enteropathogenic E. coli infection resulting in severe diarrhea for 2 days.
This could produce which of the following:
(1) acidosis
(2) alkalosis
(3) increased respiration
(4) decreased respiration
(5) increased ADH secretion
(6) increased renin secretion
(7) increased urine concentration
Select one:
a. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
b. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
c. 1, 3, 6d. 2, 4, 5, 7
e. 1, 4, 5, 7
Question 6
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The sensation of thirst results from
Select one:
a. an increase in the plasma volume.
b. hypertension (increased blood pressure).
c. stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus.
d. a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
e. inhibition of baroreceptors
Question 7
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Increased osmolality of the ECF
Select one:
a. increases thirst.
b. inhibits ADH.
c. increases renin secretion.
d. increases aldosterone secretion.
e. decreases thirst.
Question 8Correct
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Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?
Select one:
a. acids
b. bases
c. salts
d. glucose
e. water
Question 9
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The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the
Select one:
a. skin.
b. kidney.
c. GI tract.
d. adrenal cortex.
e. sweat.
Question 10
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Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down
metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.
Select one:
a. hydrogen
b. potassium
c. sodium
d. phosphate
e. glucose
Question 11
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What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?
Select one:
a. Plasma membrane
b. Cell wall
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Ribosomes
e. Nucleus
Question 12
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In hypocalcemia,
Select one:
a. depolarization is prevented.
b. PTH production is reduced.
c. blood calcium levels are increased.
d. neuromuscular excitability increases.
e. neuromuscular excitability decreases.
Question 13
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Case study:
You have just admitted Mary Roberts, a 70-year-old woman, to the hospital for GI bleeding.
Her blood pressure is 130/80, pulse 80/min and irregular, respirations 18/min, and
temperature 99.2. Mrs. Roberts denies pain at this time although she appears anxious and
very pale. Her medical history includes lung cancer that was diagnosed two weeks ago,
peptic ulcer disease with reflux esophagitis, and "fluid retention". Admission lab work shows
a plasma Na+ of 152 mEq/L and K+ of 2.8 mEq/L.
Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the
increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?
Select one:
a. increased urine output
b. an increased release of ADH
c. an increase in renin productiond. an increase in the secretion of aldosterone
e. a decreased release of ADH
Question 14
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Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output
because
Select one:
a. baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
b. elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
c. the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
d. aldosterone levels increase.
e. baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.
Question 15
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As a result of hyperventilation,
Select one:
a. the body pH decreases.
b. the plasma PCO2 level decreases.
c. the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion.
d. more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma.
e. the plasma PCO2 level increases.Question 16
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Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst
sensations.
Select one:
a. a temporary interruption
b. a tremendous increase
c. an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase
d. an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease
Question 17
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The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the
Select one:
a. liver.
b. kidneys.
c. pancreas.
d. small intestine.
e. large intestine.
Question 18
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Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?
Select one:
a. plasma
b. interstitial
c. intracellular
d. extracellular
e. cytoplasm
Question 19
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The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular
compartments is
Select one:
a. potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular.
b. sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular.
c. little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular.
d. equal amounts of both ions, in both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
e. None of these choices is correct.
Question 20
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Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating
Select one:
a. thirst.
b. vasodilatation.
c. water movement into the cells.
d. renal excretion of sodium.
e. ADH production. [Show Less]