Sophia Human Biology Milestones 4
Sophia Human Biology Milestones 4
1
What is "leukocyte" the technical term for?
White blood
... [Show More] cells
Plasma
Red blood cells
Platelets
CONCEPT
Blood
2
Before reaching the lungs, the trachea branches into two parts called ___________.
alveoli
the larynx
bronchi
bronchioles
CONCEPT
Lower Respiratory Tract
3
What is the secondary means by which air enters the body when breathing is labored or heavy?
Oral cavity
Trachea
Larynx
Nasal cavity
CONCEPT
Upper Respiratory Tract
4
What is the role of a tumor suppressor?
Promotes growth of oncogenes
Restricts expression of oncogenes
Helps normal cells to divide
Allows growth of normal cells
CONCEPT
Cancer and Homeostasis
5
What kind of immunity involves a one-size-fits-all response to invading pathogens?
General
Adaptive
Pathogenic
Innate
CONCEPT
Pathogens
6
What are the two types of effector T-cells?
Cytotoxic T-cells and phagocytic T-cells
Cytotoxic T-cells and helper T-cells
Helper T-cells and mediator T-cells
Helper T-cells and phagocytic T-cells
CONCEPT
Cell-Mediated Response
7
What is "tidal volume?"
The minimum amount of oxygen that has to be present in the air
The amount of air in each breath
The amount of water the human body can hold
The amount of water the lungs can hold without failing
CONCEPT
Respiration and the Respiratory Cycle
8
What role does the enzyme thrombin play in blood clotting?
It binds with platelets to make fibrin, which then covers the damaged area like a sheet.
It causes threads to form across the damaged area that catch platelets and cause a clot.
It attracts platelets to itself to cause a clot.
It causes red blood cells to clump together and form a clot.
CONCEPT
Platelets
9
This diagram shows the lymphatic system of a human.
Which of these is true for the part labeled X?
It is a production site for antibodies.
It is a secretion site for lymph.
It is a maturation site for T lymphocytes.
It is a filtration site for lymph.
CONCEPT
Lymphatic System
10
Which of the following statements about immunodeficiency is true?
It means the immune system attacks a person's own cells and organs.
It means the immune system is overactive and targets harmless things like pollen or dander.
It means the immune system is weak or nonexistent.
It only occurs when the immune system has been intentionally compromised as part of treatment for diseases like cancer.
CONCEPT
Immune System Disorders and HIV/AIDS
11
Which of these is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
It does not recognize MHC.
It produces memory cells.
It is the first line of defense.
It is non-specific.
CONCEPT
Adaptive Immunity
12
Which of these describes agglutination?
It is the condition resulting from a person being given type AB blood.
It is the condition resulting from a person being given type O blood.
It is the condition resulting from a person being given the wrong type of blood.
It is the condition resulting from a person being given the right type of blood.
CONCEPT
Blood Types
13
Which of these act as a connector between arterioles and venules?
Arteries
Ventricles
Capillaries
Veins
CONCEPT
Cardiovascular System
14
How do blood vessels maintain homeostasis when blood pressure increases?
Hypertension
Hypotension
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
CONCEPT
Blood Pressure
15
The diagram shows the structure of the human heart.
What is the importance of the part labeled X?
It provides lubrication to the heart by secreting fluids.
It separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood.
It prevents the backflow of blood from the systemic circuit.
It prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery.
CONCEPT
Heart and Blood Flow
16
Which of the following statements about vaccines is true?
Vaccines are non-specific, meaning they protect against a variety of viruses or illnesses.
Vaccines are used against viruses, bacteria and fungal infections.
Booster shots are a type of secondary vaccine that allow for longer lasting protection against a particular virus.
A vaccine prompts the body's T-cells to produce antibodies against the virus.
CONCEPT
Vaccines
17
If a transplanted organ's MHC cells don't match those of the recipient, what will happen?
The recipient's immune system will identify the transplanted organ as an intruder and attack it.
The recipient's body will block off the new organ and it won't function normally.
The organ will change its MHC cells so as to be recognized by the recipient's immune system.
The recipient's immune system will change the MHC markers on the organ so that it won't be identified as an intruder.
CONCEPT
Organ Transplant and Immunotherapy
18
Which type of white blood cell targets bacteria and fungi?
Basophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Neutrophils
CONCEPT
White Blood Cells
19
Which statement correctly identifies the role of IgE, the membrane-bound antibody that anchors to a variety of different white blood cells?
When this antibody binds to an antigen, it induces the attached cell to release histamines.
This antibody is a B-cell receptor that clusters into a structure with many binding sites in response to a pathogen.
Located in the blood, this antibody is the most prevalent in the human body.
Found in tears and saliva, this antibody inhibits invading pathogens from binding to the body's cells.
CONCEPT
Humoral Immunity
20
Which node does a pacemaker assist?
The SA node
It acts against both nodes
The AV node
Both the SA and AV nodes
CONCEPT
Cardiac Cycle and Cardiac Conduction System
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