Sophia Human Biology Final Milestone
Sophia Human Biology Final Milestone
1
Which eye disorder has the following characteristics?
Eyeball is
... [Show More] taller than it is wide.
Images focus behind the retina rather than on it.
Retinoblastoma
Hyperopia
Glaucoma
Myopia
CONCEPT
Disorders of the Eye
2
At what level of protein structure are several amino acid chains joined together?
Primary
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
CONCEPT
Proteins
3
Which of the following statements about brush cells is true?
They are found on the villi and have microvilli on them.
They are composed of villi, which are themselves composed of microvilli.
They are found on the microvilli and have villi on them.
They are a part of the lumen that removes harmful substances.
CONCEPT
Small Intestine
4
This ear disorder, which produces inflammation in the inner ear, is commonly referred to as an ear infection.
Motion sickness
Otis media
Tinnitus
Vertigo
CONCEPT
Disorders of the Ear
5
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?
Phosphorylation halts the process when ATP levels get too low.
It is the last stage of cellular respiration.
It is an anaerobic process.
It utilizes a molecule of glucose to produce three ATP.
CONCEPT
Glycolysis
6
Which of the following statements is true?
Diffusion is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Diffusion regulates which molecules can and can't pass through a plasma membrane.
Diffusion describes the concentration gradient in a solution.
Diffusion does not require energy and is therefore a form of passive transport.
CONCEPT
Diffusion
7
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?
Epinephrine
Calcitonin
Cortisol
Glucocorticoids
CONCEPT
Thyroid and Parathyroid
8
Which of the following sources of information is most credible?
A lecture given by a prominent biologist on the findings of his most recent study
A remark made by a registered nurse over dinner
A claim made by a reporter on the evening news
A Wikipedia article on molecular biology
CONCEPT
Evaluate Information
9
The image is showing the _________ of muscle contraction.
repeated stimulation
sliding filament mechanism
fiber bundling
calcium release
CONCEPT
Muscle Contractions: Micro Level
10
Which of the following is a skeletal disorder that occurs when two bones at a joint are no longer in contact with each other?
Atrophy
Sprain
Dislocation
Fracture
CONCEPT
Skeletal Health and Disorders
11
Which of these muscular disorders can be passed by parents to their offspring?
Muscle spasm
Tetanus
Atrophy
Muscular dystrophy
CONCEPT
Muscle System Disorders
12
Which statement correctly identifies the role of IgE, the membrane-bound antibody that anchors to a variety of different white blood cells?
Found in tears and saliva, this antibody inhibits invading pathogens from binding to the body's cells.
When this antibody binds to an antigen, it induces the attached cell to release histamines.
Located in the blood, this antibody is the most prevalent in the human body.
This antibody is a B-cell receptor that clusters into a structure with many binding sites in response to a pathogen.
CONCEPT
Humoral Immunity
13
Which of the following statements about the stomach is true?
Pepsins are the digestive enzymes that enable the stomach to break down proteins.
The stomach receives chyme from the esophagus, which it turns into bolus before passing it on to the small intestine.
Amylase is the pasty substance that's created when stomach enzymes and food mix together.
The stomach processes nutrients, absorbs water and removes any toxins created during chemical digestion.
CONCEPT
Stomach
14
Which of these is determined by the reticular formation?
Hunger and thirst
Consciousness
Memory
Emotions
CONCEPT
Forebrain and Its Cerebrum
15
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Cortisol
CONCEPT
Adrenal Glands
16
Molecules called __________ have the ability to determine the speed at which transcription takes place.
start codons
transfer RNA
regulatory proteins
exons
CONCEPT
Protein Synthesis, Part 2: Translation
17
Which kind of immunity does mucus play a role in?
Adaptive
Innate
Physical barriers
General
CONCEPT
Pathogens
18
Where is cytosol found?
In the cytoplasm
Inside the nucleus
Surrounding the cell
Between the two layers of the plasma membrane
CONCEPT
Cytoplasm
19
Which developmental disorder of the brain hinders thinking, language and social skills?
Paralysis
Schizophrenia
Seizure
Autism
CONCEPT
Nervous System Health and Disorders
20
How do blood vessels maintain homeostasis when blood pressure increases?
Hypotension
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
CONCEPT
Blood Pressure
21
Which part of the upper respiratory system is commonly known as the throat?
Pharynx
Larynx
Esophagus
Trachea
CONCEPT
Upper Respiratory Tract
22
Which part of the large intestine helps fight parasites that have survived the previous digestive tract?
Appendix
All parts of the large intestine
Colon
Rectum
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
23
Using specially designed bacteria to clean up environmentally hazardous radioactive waste would be an example of __________.
gene therapy
sequencing
bioremediation
a polymerase chain reaction
CONCEPT
DNA Technology and Research
24
Which of the following is the result of mitosis?
Four diploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
Two diploid daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
Four haploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
Two haploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
CONCEPT
Mitosis
25
Select the statement that describes the filtration stage of urine formation.
Water and other small solutes are separated out of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule.
To maintain the body's acid-base balance, substances move from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules.
The bloodstream retrieves valuable substances that have been separated out during this second step of urine formation.
During this third step of urine formation, urine filters into the ureters and ultimately to the urinary bladder for storage.
CONCEPT
Urine Formation
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