A _____________ may or many not be a speech sound; the term refers generally to any sounds that can be produced by the vocal tract - ANSWER-Phone
The
... [Show More] influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds - ANSWER-Coarticulation
_________ are produced when the dorsum of the tongue contracts the velum. Describing consonants this way is according to place - ANSWER-Linguavelrs; Place
The fundamental frequency or first harmonic is know as - ANSWER-Lowest frequency of a periodic wave
In _____________ speech sounds are modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds - ANSWER-Assimilation
Consonants can be described according to - ANSWER-Place, voice, manner
___________ are produced by lowering the velum keeping the VP port open - ANSWER-Nasals
____________ are movements of particles in a medium containing expansions and contractions of molecules - ANSWER-Sound Waves
____________ an electronic instrument that graphically records the changing intensity levels of the frequency components in a complex sound wave - ANSWER-Sound Spectrograph
A young child who says "up" when someone picks up a ball is using the relation of - ANSWER-Locative action
What age does a child begin to use reduplicated babbling? - ANSWER-4-6 months
A child says "jump [on] bed". This is an example of what type of semantic relation? - ANSWER-Action + Locative
First grammatical morpheme in Brown's 14? - ANSWER-Present Progressive -ing
When do most children use "all gone" to express emerging negation? - ANSWER-Between 1-2 years of age
At what age do children have an average MLU of 6.0 - 8.0? - ANSWER-5-6 years
Which language development theory states that language develops because people are motivated to interact socially with others around them? - ANSWER-Social Interactionism Theory
Proponents of the ______________ theory are mostly concerned with cognitive functioning, not cognitive structures or concepts. - ANSWER-Information processing
According to __________ theory, language acquisition is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processing - ANSWER-Cognitive theory
Skinner is associated with what theory? - ANSWER-Behavioralist or behavioral
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development a 0-2 year old child is is the ___________ period. - ANSWER-Sensorimotor
Hint: Young children are discovering their environment with there senses
The English language has how many speech sounds that are classified as consonants or vowels? - ANSWER-46
When a child produces a posteriorly placed consonant instead of an anteriorly placed consonant they are using what phonological process? - ANSWER-Backing
General factors related to SSD include: - ANSWER-Gender, IQ, birth order, sib status, socioeconomic status, lang development & academic performance, Auditory discrimination skills
"Hallmark" of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) - ANSWER-Inconsistent errors
Children with mild hearing loss due to fluid/infections my exhibit the following - ANSWER-Final consonant deletion, stridency, fronting
__________ treatment activities include sound blending, rhyming, and alliteration - ANSWER-Phonological awareness
An important structure adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus and thalamus is the _____________ - ANSWER-Diencephalon
The corpus striatum is composed of 3 nuclear masses which are the - ANSWER--Globus pallidus
-Caudate nucleus
-Putamen
These separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway - ANSWER-Aryepiglottic Folds
The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles is - ANSWER-Cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve
Muscles that contribute to velopharyngeal closure through tensing or elevating the velum are the - ANSWER--Palatoglossus
-Tensor veli palatini
-Levator veli palatini
The structure at the inferior position of the tongue that connects the tongue with the mandible is called the - ANSWER-Lingual frenum
The muscle most involved in the production of the voiced and voiceless /th/ is - ANSWER-Genioglossus (which forms the bulk of the tongue)
Which muscles are most involved in adducting the VFs? - ANSWER-Lateral cricoarytenoids and transverse arytenoids
Coarticulation refers to - ANSWER-The influence of one phoneme upon another in production & perception when 2 different articulators move simultaneously to produce 2 different speech sounds
The 2 properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are - ANSWER-Mass & elasticity
The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object is known as - ANSWER-Oscillation
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as - ANSWER-The fundamental frequency or first harmonic
When 2 or more sounds of differing frequencies are combined, the result is - ANSWER-A complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone can be periodic or aperiodic
In a periodic complex sound, tones that occur over fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental freq are called - ANSWER-Harmonics
"red crayon" is an example of which type if semantic relationship? - ANSWER-Attribute + entity
A child who shows slow, writhing, involuntary movements has which type of cerebral palsy? - ANSWER-Athetoid
The SCERTS approach involves - ANSWER-An emphasis on the importance of targeting goals in social communication and emotional regulation by implementing transactional supports such as visuals, environmental arrangements, and adjustments to communication-style
What area is worked on when targeting word retrieval skills? - ANSWER-Semantics
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is - ANSWER-McDonald's sensorimotor approach
Stuttering in preschool children is more likely on what type of words - ANSWER-Function words
Who developed to fluent stuttering treatment - ANSWER-Van Riper
Cancellations, pull-outs, and preparatory sets are taught in which approach? - ANSWER-The fluent stuttering approach
Airflow management, gentle onset, and reduced rate of speech are targets in - ANSWER-The fluency shaping technique
The theory that stuttering is caused by lack of a unilateral dominant hemisphere is the - ANSWER-Cerebral dominance theory
The suprahyoid muscles or elevators include: - ANSWER--Digastrics
-Geniohyoids
-Mylohyoids
-Stylohyoids
-Genioglossus
-Hyoglossus
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breathing cycle - ANSWER-Tidal volume
The volume of air that the patient can exhale after maximum exhalation - ANSWER-Vital capacity
When a patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle they are demonstrating the use of the ______________ method - ANSWER-Injection method
A patient has damage to her recurrent laryngeal nerve. Intervention should focus on - ANSWER-Strategies to improve VF adduction
The Blom-Singer prothetic device is used to - ANSWER-Shunt the air from the trachea to the esophagus so that the patient can speak on pulmonary air entering the esophagus
The term describing the perception of 2 distinct simultaneous pitches during phonation is - ANSWER-Diplophonia
A patient w/ history of heavy drinking who presents with memory problems , difficulty processing abstract info, and visual-spatial deficits probably has - ANSWER-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Conduction aphasia is caused by lesions in what area? - ANSWER-The region between Broca's & Wernicke's, especially in the supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus
The speech of individuals w/ Parkinson's disease is characterized by - ANSWER-Monopitch, a harsh & breathy voice, short rushes of speech, imprecise consonants, and respiratory problems
Apraxia of speech is often associated with lesions in what area? - ANSWER-Broca's
Forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech is associated with - ANSWER-Dysarthria
Primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease include - ANSWER-Bradykinesia, festination, and cogwheel rigidity
Dementia of the Alzheimer's type is caused by - ANSWER-Neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques
What is Carhart's notch? - ANSWER-A specific hearing loss at 2000 Hz, as indicated by a bone-conduction test
The auditory nervous system includes cranial nerve VIII has these 2 branches: - ANSWER-Vestibular & Auditory-acoustic
____________ causes sensorineural hearing loss and is accompanied by vertigo & tennitues - ANSWER-Meniere's disease
What are homophenous word pairs? - ANSWER-Words that look the same on the lips (ex. man-ban)
The muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning is - ANSWER-Tensor Palatini
An infant with cleft palate will most likely have hearing problems due to - ANSWER-Eustachian tube dysfunction
Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) are - ANSWER-the lowest or softest level of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of words presented
Spondee words are - ANSWER-2-syllable words with equal stress on each syllable
If a test has adequate construct validity then - ANSWER-The test scores are consistent with theoretical predictions or expectations
Willam's syndrome is caused by - ANSWER-the deletion of approximately 25 genes on one copy of chromosome 7q11.23
A condition in which the surface tissue of the soft or hard palate fuse, but the underlying muscle or bone tissues do not is called - ANSWER-Submucous or occult cleft palate
A technique that uses emission-computed tomography to allow imaging of metabolic activity through measurements of radioactivity in the section of the body being viewed is called - ANSWER-a PET scan
The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called - ANSWER-Efferent neurons
The neurons that transmit information to the brain are called - ANSWER-Afferent neurons
An important structure to the brainstem which contains the hyothalamus and the thalamus is called the - ANSWER-Diencephalon
The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements in the - ANSWER-Cerebellum
The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the - ANSWER-Corpus callosum & basal ganglia
The nasopharynx adds noticeable resonance to which sounds? - ANSWER-m, n, ng
What formant typically characterizes a high vowel? - ANSWER-Low-frequency first format (F1)
A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The patient's symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of speech? - ANSWER-Repeating words of increasing length
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following factors? - ANSWER-Hypotonia
Which of the following recommendations to a parent of an infant with cleft lip and palate should an SLP make to best optimize feeding for adequate nutrition and appropriate growth? - ANSWER-Using a bottle with a modified nipple during feedings
The head lift exercise published by Shaker et al. (2002) was designed to produce which of the following changes in swallow biomechanics? - ANSWER-Increase in diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening
Inhalation during respiration is primarily carried out through the movement of which of the following muscles or muscle groups - ANSWER-Diaphram
An SLP receives a referral from an audiologist for a 72-year-old woman who demonstrates a moderate to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss preventing her from participating in social activities. Which of the following best identifies the SLP's role? - ANSWER-Training in speech reading [Show Less]