What are the 5 vital signs? - ✔✔ Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiratory Rate, Temperature, Oxygen Saturation
The HPI and ROS are what type of
... [Show More] information? - ✔✔ subjective
The Physical Exam is what type of information? - ✔✔ objective
What is the difference between the HPI and ROS? - ✔✔ HPI focuses on details related to the pt's chief complaint.
ROS is a head-to-toe checklist of symptoms, including the chief complaint, associated sx, and all other complaints from the pt
What does disposition (dispo) mean? - ✔✔ The patient's destination after they leave the ED
What is the abbreviation for a heart attack? - ✔✔ MI - myocardial infarction
What is the abbreviation for high blood pressure? - ✔✔ HTN - hypertension
What is the medical term for acid reflux? - ✔✔ GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease
What is the medical term for stroke? - ✔✔ CVA - cerebrovascular accident
What is the term for gallbladder removal? - ✔✔ cholecystectomy
What does NKDA stand for? - ✔✔ no known drug allergies
What is the medical term for redness? - ✔✔ erythema/injection
What is the medical term for bruising? - ✔✔ ecchymosis
What is CAD? - ✔✔ Coronary Artery Disease
Explain the difference between CAD and an MI - ✔✔ CAD is a broad term for heart disease
MI is an ongoing, active heart attack, included in CAD
What are "cardiac risk factors"? - ✔✔ HTN, HLD, DM, CAD, smoking, FHx CAD < 55 y/o
Name two ways than an MI can be diagnosed? - ✔✔ STEMI = EKG
non-STEMI = elevated troponin
What are some associated sx of MI other than chest pain? - ✔✔ diaphoresis, N/V, SOB
What are some associated sx for CHF? - ✔✔ SOB, orthopnea, PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), DOE, bilateral pitting pedal edema
What 2 studies would diagnose CHF? - ✔✔ CXR and elevated BNP
How is AFib diagnosed? - ✔✔ EKG
What are risk factors for a PE? - ✔✔ Known DVT, PMHx of DVT/PE, FHx of DVT/PE, smoking, pregnancy, BCP, immobility, recent surgery, CA, AFib
What study would diagnose a PE? - ✔✔ CT chest with IV contrast (CTA scan) or VQ scan
*D-dimer can only rule it out*
How is a PTX diagnosed? - ✔✔ CXR
What social history will most COPD patients also have? - ✔✔ smoking
What PE finding closely associates with asthma? - ✔✔ wheezing
What is PNA? - ✔✔ Pneumonia - bacterial infection (infiltrates) and inflammation inside the lung
What might a person with PNA complain of? - ✔✔ Productive cough and fever
What might be the chief complaint of a person with gall stones? - ✔✔ RUQ abdominal pain
What PE finding is closely associated with cholecystitis? - ✔✔ Murphy's sign
How are gall stones diagnosed? - ✔✔ Abdominal ultrasound of the RUQ
How is appendicitis diagnosed? - ✔✔ CT A/P with PO contrast
How is pancreatitis diagnosed? - ✔✔ Elevated lipase, sometimes elevated amylase (less specific)
What studies would diagnose diverticulitis? - ✔✔ CT A/P with PO contrast
What is pyelo? - ✔✔ Pyelonephritis, kidney infection (different and worse than a UTI), usually spread from a UTI
Name the 2 types of CVAs - ✔✔ ischemic CVA and hemorrhagic CVA
*TIA is not a stroke*
What study would diagnose a brain bleed? - ✔✔ abnormal head CT, LP
What sx might a person with an ischemic CVA c/o? - ✔✔ focal neurological deficits (FNDs): hemiparesis, unilateral paresthesias (numbness/weakness/tingling), visual field deficits, aphasia
How is an ischemic CVA diagnosed? - ✔✔ normal head CT
How does a TIA differ from a CVA? - ✔✔ TIA is a mini-stroke, symptoms resolve in less than an hour
CVA is a stroke, symptoms last longer and potentially do not resolve
What is a common cause of seizures in children? - ✔✔ Fever
What study would diagnose meningitis? - ✔✔ LP
What are 4 important things to document for syncopal episodes? - ✔✔ How the patient was feeling before, during, and after the episode, as well as how they currently feel
What is a DVT? - ✔✔ Deep vein thrombosis
What are risk factors for a DVT? - ✔✔ Known DVT, PMHx of DVT/PE, FHx of DVT/PE, smoking, CA, recent surgery, pregnancy, BCP, AFib, immobility [Show Less]