Gastritis and Etiology and patho - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation of stomach's mucolas
lining (can involve entire stomach or region) can be acute or
... [Show More] chronic.
may be caused by h. pylori infection (imbeds in mucosal layer activating toxins and enzymes that
cause inflammation. NSAIDS, chronic alcohol consumption, stress, trauma, burns, or infections,
autoimmune conditions
manifestations of gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain,
abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, malaise.
hematemesis and dark, tarry stools indicate ulceration and bleeding. chronic gastritis increases
risk for peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, anemia, and hemorrhage.
gastritis diagnosis/treatment - CORRECT ANSWER h&p, GI tract x ray, egd, serum h. pylori
antibodies, h. pylori breath test, stool analysis (h. pylori and occult blood
treatment-acute is self-limiting usually resolves
meds-antacids, acid-reducing agents, and mucosal barrier agents
other strategies include those for GERD (diet, small meals, antacids)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER refers to erosive lesions affecting the
muscularis mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. ulcers vary in size and severity, ranging from
superficial erosions to complete penetration through GI tract wall
peptic ulcer disease etiology and patho - CORRECT ANSWER ETIOLOGY: most commonly H.
pylori and NSAID use.
PATHO: develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective
mechanisms
PUD duodenal ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER most commonly associated with excessive acid or
H. pylori infections
typically present with epigastric pain relieved in the presence of food
PUD gastric ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER less frequent-more deadly
typically associated with malignancy and NSAIDS
pain worsens with eating
PUD Stress ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER develop because of major physiological stressor on
body due to local tissue ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering stomach, and decreased GI
motility
most frequently develop in stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of the precipitating
event
often hemorrhage is the first indication (vomiting blood or blood in stool)
PUD manifestations/treatment - CORRECT ANSWER epigastric, abd. pain, abd. cramping,
heartburn, indigestion, chest pain, nausea/voimiting, melena (dark, tarry stools), fatigue,
unexplained weight loss
Treatment: same as gastritis: antacids, mucosal barrier agents, acid-reducing agents
possible surgical repair
Iron-deficiency Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER Not enough iron for hemoglobin production
erythrocytes pale and small
Etiology: decreased iron consumption/absorption, increased bleeding
manifestations in addition to "anemia": brittle nails, headache/irritability, pica, cyanosis of sclera
of eyes, delayed healing
Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER common acquired or inherited disorder of erythrocytes that
impairs the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity.
ETIOLOGY: decrease in # of circulating erythrocytes, reduction in hemoglobin content,
presence of abnormal hemoglobin
MANIFESTATIONS: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope, dyspnea, tachycardia [Show Less]