Deoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle into:
the pulmonary artery
Blood flow from the right side of the heart to the left side of the
... [Show More] heart is called:
pulmonary circulation
The heart contracts to pump blood during:
systole
Blood flows from the heart through the body in the following order:
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins
AACVV
Oxygen is carried in the blood primarily:
on the hemoglobin molecule
Oxygen depleted blood is found where?
in the right atrium
Oxygen saturation in a healthy patient breathing room air should be at least:
97%
The maximum amount of oxygen that a person's blood is able to carry is called what?
oxygen capacity
The percentage of actual oxygen carried combined with total capacity is called what?
oxygen saturation
Internal respiration takes place when?
oxygen is transported from capillaries to the cells
Gas exchange (uptake of 02, elimination of C02) during respiration occurs where?
in the alveolar sacs
In the healthy patient, the respiratory centers that control breathing are most sensitive to what?
carbon dioxide
The MAIN centers for nerve control of respiration are located where?
in the brainstem
The patient's tidal volume is:
the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with normal breathing
Inspired air enters the lungs in what sequence?
oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveolar sacs
Patients with heart disease often take nitroglycerin. What is a form of nitroglycerin?
isosorbide dinitrite (isordil)
Durning oral procedures bacteria can be introduced into the blood stream. This event is called?
bacteremia
In an adult, hypertension is defined as blood pressure greater than:
140/90
Antibiotic premedication should be given to a patient who has what?
valvular heart disease
Adequate ventilation under normal circumstances require:
a respiratory tract free of obstruction
Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended prior to oral surgery for what condition?
prosthetic heart valves
What can sometimes cause damage to heart valves resulting in a heart murmur?
Rheumatic Fever
What is a sign of left sided heart failure?
pulmonary edema
What is a sign of right sided heart failure?
swelling of the ankles
What medication is commonly taken by patients with congestive heart failure?
diuretics
Partial blockage of the coronary artery can cause chest pain which is also called?
angina pectoris
What is Myocardial Infarction?
death of heart tissue
What is the principle medication taken by patients with a history of angina pectoris?
nitroglycerin
How does Nitroglycerin relieve chest pain in angina pectoris?
by dilating the coronary arteries and increasing blood to the heart muscle
Who is at increased risk when having oral surgery?
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction
A patient that exhibits difficulty with speech and movement may have a history of what?
stroke (CVA)
What does emphysema cause?
enlargement of the alveoli in the lungs reducing gas exchange
What is Bronchitis?
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
What is the first sign of an acute allergic reaction to a drug?
itching/rash
What patient may require a steroid supplement prior to surgery?
patients receiving long term treatment with corticosteroids
Who should avoid elective treatment ?
Pregnant patients during the first trimester
A diabetic patient is more prone to what after surgery?
infection
In preparing a diabetic for an intravenous anesthetic, it is likely the surgeon would:
decrease or eliminate the patient's insulin on the morning of the surgery
Who may have reduced ability to metabolize drugs in the liver?
a patient with hepititis
How should you treat a patient with syncope?
supine with legs slightly elevated
A patient recovering from anesthesia who is still heavily sedated should:
be monitored until awake and able to ambulate without assistance
Post-operative bleeding is best managed how?
by placing direct pressure on the extraction site with a slightly moistened gauze
What patient is the most difficult to manage post-operative bleeding?
a hemophiliac
Why are small children at greater risk when undergoing GA?
because they have smaller airways in proportion to body size
What is the ASA classification of patients with severe systemic disease?
III
What is the BEST method for preventing postoperative bleeding in a patient taking Coumadin?
consult patients physician, and if possible discontinue Coumadin preoperatively
What is your primary concern when treating an overweight patient during GA?
the airway may be difficult to maintain
You are monitoring a patient in recovery. The patient was given Narcan to reverse sedation. The patient was initially awake, but now is sleepy. What should you do?
Get assistance because the patient may need further evaluation and possibly more Narcan [Show Less]