What are the organs in the GI tract? (5) - ✔✔ Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine
Function of the Mouth &
... [Show More] enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ food is broken down mechanically (chewing) and chemically (saliva/salivary amylase which breaks down carbs)
Function of the Esophagus & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ transport channel from the mouth to the stomach
Function of the Stomach & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ Mixes bolus (food & saliva) with gastric juices to chemically break it down further:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): chemically rips food apart from it's intense acidity
Mucus: lines stomach & protects from HCl
Gastric Lipase: breaks down lipids/fats
Pepsin: breaks down proteins
Function of the Small intestine & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ 95% of the absorption of nutrients takes place here
Muscular contractions push chyme forwards
What increases the surface area in the Small Intestine? - ✔✔ Villi, Micro-villi, & circular folds
Function of the Large Intestine & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ Meant for absorption of water & electrolytes
Good bacteria fight off bad bacteria (probiotics strengthen good bacteria)
Be able to list the accessory organs, their functions, types of digestion and the main enzymes/secretions they offer to the digestive process
3. - ✔✔ `
What are the accessory organs? (4) - ✔✔ Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function of the salivary glands & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ produces saliva containing salivary amylase which breaks down carbs
Function of the liver & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ produces bile to digest (emulsify) fats; decides where to send nutrients
Function of the gallbladder & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ stores bile & concentrates it
receives bile from liver via common hepatic duct
releases bile into small intestine via common bile duct
Function of the pancreas & enzymes/secretions? - ✔✔ creates hormones to maintain blood glucose levels (insulin & glucagon)
creates enzymes that break down carbs, fats, proteins
o Pancreatic Lipase: break down fat
o Pancreatic Protease: break down proteins
o Pancreatic Amylase: break down carbs
o Bicarbonate: raise pH & neutralize stomach acid (protect small intestine from HCl) as well as provide a favorable pH for enzymes released into the small intestine
secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine
What is LactOSE? - ✔✔ sugar
What is LactASE? - ✔✔ enzyme
What are 3 enzymes in the small intestine & what do they digest? - ✔✔ Sucrase digests sucrose
Maltase digests maltose
Lactase digests Lactose
What does sucrase digest? - ✔✔ Sucrose
What does maltase digest? - ✔✔ Maltose
What does Lactase digest? - ✔✔ Lactose
Differentiate between bolus and chyme - ✔✔ Bolus: food mixed with saliva & enzymes that goes into the stomach
Chyme: is the semiliquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine (bolus + gastric juice)
Describe the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine - ✔✔ They increase the surface area of the small intestine therefore allowing more nutrients to be absorbed
Passive diffusion? - ✔✔ nutrients move form high to low concentration with no energy [Show Less]