albuterol
(SABA) short acting beta 2 receptor agonist, used for bronchospasm, acute symptoms of asthma
acetaminophen
centrally acting cox
... [Show More] inhibitor; analgesic and antipyretic properties; no antiinflammatory,antirheumatic properties
acyclovir
Antimetabolite for Treating Herpes Simplex Virus & Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections;
MOAs: Purine necleoside analog: DNA polymerase inhibitor, suppresses synthesis of viral DNA, resistance.
amiodarone
Class 3 Potassium channel blocker
Only approved for life-threatening dysrhythmias.
Delays repolarization and extends action potential of heart muscle cells.
SE: Profound hypotension."
amoxicillin
Broad-spectrum penicillin active against H. influenzae, E. coli, and N. Gonorrhoeae. It is inactivated by beta-lactamases, so not helpful for Staphylococcus.
atropine
muscinarinic receptor antagonist/anticholinergic drug; used for mydriases (eye exams), to raise HR, lower GI motility, and as antidote to muscarinic poisoning (rx, shrooms)
amphotericin B
broad spectrum antifungal, which is the agent of choice for systemic mycoses, despite being highly toxic. Its uses are limited to treating progressive and potentially fatal infections. Adverse effects include infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, and hypokalemia.
aspirin
A drug that decrease platelet aggregation and is used to prevent arterial thrombosis, stroke, or MI. Major SEs include risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is an NSAID that works by inhibiting platelet COX, COX-1, and COX-2.
beclomethasone
inhaled corticosteroid used to treat airway inflammation in asthma
bethanechol
muscarinic agnonist, used primarily for urinary retention
buproprion
(DA and NE). Weight loss, seizure, insomnia, headache, serotonin syndrome (see laundry list above), withdrawal, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
captopril
ACE inhibitor - shown to have efficacious effects in treating a patient with heart failure. Blocks production of angiotensin II, dilates arterioles and veins, and decreases release of aldosterone. It may show the adverse effects of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or persistant cough, CARDIAC REMODELING
carbenicillin
"Extended spectrum (antipseudomonal penicillins), which has the same spectrum of activity as broad-spectrum penicillins, plus treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cefotaxime
"Third generation cephalosporin with activity against meningitis and nosocomial infections resistant to others (restricted use). It has greater activity against Gram negative bacteria, increased resistance to beta-lactamases, and better ability to reach CSF.
cephalexin
"First generation cephalosporin poor activity against Gram negative bacteria, sensitive to to most beta-lactamases, unable to reach CSF. Used for Staphylococcus if mild penicillin allergy.
celecoxib
2nd Generation Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (COX-2 Selective NSAID); AE: risk of CV events, warfarin may be more effective with celecoxib
cholestyramine
Inhibits bile reabsorption in intenstine, increases LDL receptors in liver, accelerates bile excretion. Many of the adverse effects result from the drug not being absorbed from GI, including constipation and a decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, & K).
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone
broad -cidal. PO tetracycline and cipro should NOT BE GIVEN WITH ANTACIDS.
ALSO KNOW IT CAN RUPTURE TENDONS AND CAUSE CANDIDA. "
codeine
antitussive, AE: respiratory depression
also weak mu opioid agonist
clozapine
atypical antipsychotic; 2nd Gen. Treats negative symptoms. Greater efficacy than 1st gen. Fewer EPS/tardive dyskinesia side effects. SE: Agranulocytosis and Metabolic effects (Weight gain, diabetes, hyperlipidemia)
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist, HTN drug -> vasodilation
clavulanic acid
A penicillinase inhibitor that is combined with a broad spectrum penicillin to increase is bactericidal activity.
clopidogrel
decreases platelet aggregation and is used to prevent arterial thrombosis or stroke. Major SEs include risk of major GI bleeding. This drug is not an NSAID and does not inhibit COX
chlorpromazine
FGA, low potency, treats positive symptoms. SE: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects. NOTE: it may take up to 6 weeks to see effects
cromolyn
mast cell stabilizer, inhaled, for asthma or allergies
diphenhydramine
1st Generation H1 Competitive Antagonist; antihistamine (benadryl), sedation effects
digoxin
"Medication prescribed for treating heart failure and some dysrhythmias. It is an ionotropic agent with narrow therapeutic index. Increases myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Improves symptoms but not shown to increase life expectancy. Significant cardiotoxicity requires monitoring of drug levels and K+ levels
epinephrine
Mixed Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Receptor Agonists (Nonselective)
dabigatrine
direct thrombin inhibitor, (PO)
dextromethorphan
non opioid antitussive
enoxaparin
low molecular weight heparin; indirect inhibitor, a shorter form of heparin, can be given using a fixed dose with no aPTT monitoring. Inactivates ONLY Xa. subQ only. Can be used at home.
exenatide
incretin mimetic; Activates receptors for GLP-1. Increases insulin secretion; slows GI absorption of glucose and gastric emptying. [-ide, acts similar to tolbutamide]
fexofenadine
2nd gen antihistamine, H1 competitive antagonist (allegra), lesser sedative effects
dopamine
"Inotropic agent that requires constant BP/EKG monitoring. Activates beta1 AR in heart and increases contractility and HR (risk of tachycardia). Dilates renal blood vessels and increases urine output via receptor activation in the kidney
erythromycin
Macrolid; Static, narrow (G+), inhibits protein synthesis
SEs: GI; DDIs with 3A4 inhibitors (cardiotoxic) and antidysrythmics"
furosemide
Loop diuretic. Site of action in the nephron is the Loop of Henley. Can cause hypokalemia. Diuretics increase the risk of dysrhythmias in a patient taking digoxin by promoting potassium loss.
Used for HTN and HF. Works with low GFR.
gemfibrozil
fibroacid derivative, lowers triglycerides
gentamicin
Cidal, narrow (G-)--> ONLY ONE. Lethal inhibition of protien synthesis (ONLY ONE THAT DOES THIS).
SE: Ototoxic (High pitch tinnitus and headache), Kidney problems (nephrotoxicity). Hypersensitivity, Neuro-mm'r blockade=resp. depression. KNOW THESE GENTAMICIN SEs."
glucagon
treats hypoglycemia; carbohydrate; opposite effects of insulin
glyburide
2nd generation sulfonylurea; stimulates insulin release in pancreas; Same as Tolbutamide, but more potent. [-ide];
haloperidol
FGA, high potency; treats positive symptoms. SE: EPS (Acute-dystonia, parkinsons-like, akathesia and Late- Tardive Dyskinesia) and NMS. Immediate effects. Only used in emergent situation, b/c of SE
heparin
"Rapid-acting anticoagulant that enhances activity of antithrombin and inactivates clotting factors. It is used in treating pulmonary embolism, evolving stroke, and prevention of vein thrombosis. Its adverse effects include hemorrhage, drug-induced thrombocytopenia, and hypersensitivity reactions.
hydralazine
a vasodilator that directly dilates arterioles. It may produce SEs including systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, and increased blood volume; BB can prevent tachycardia
hydrocodone/acetaminophen
opioid and non opioid combined for analgesia
hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic. Site of action in the nephron is the Distal Convoluted Tubule. First line of treatment for patients without compelling indications. Can cause hypokalemia. Does not work with low GFR. Also used for HF.
indinavir
"Protease inhibitor. Side effects include hyperglycemia/diabetes, fat redistribution, hyperlipidemia, reduced bone density, hepatotoxicity, and increased bleeding in hemophiliacs.
insulin glargine
"Long duration insulin that includes less risk of hypoglycemia than shorter acting insulins. It is produced by making an amino acid switch from natural insulin. NOT mixed with other insulins.
imipramine
(prototype) tricyclic antidepressant and anxiolytic; block reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
ipratropium
Respiratory Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist (bronchodilator)
iodine (131I)
Radioactive isotope that produces clinical remission of hyperthyroidism by destruction of thyroid gland.
ketoconazole
Alternative antifungal drug for systemic mycoses and is also suitable for superficial mycoses. Fewer SEs and only slightly less effective fungistatic activity. AE: hepatotoxicity, effects on sex hormones, nausea & vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain.
levothyroxine
"Common treatment for all forms of hypothyroidism. It is highly protein bound with a half-life of 7 days. SEs include tachycardia, angina, and tremors.
lidocaine
"Class IB Antidysrhythmic Drug that accelerates repolarization with little or no effect on ECG. Is also used as a local anesthetic. Adverse effects include mental confusion and paresthesias.
linezolid
static, inhibits protein synthesis ;cross-resistance unlikely. Activity against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is NOT active against Gram negative bacteria. Its use is highly reserved in order to limit development of resistance.
losartin
Blocks the effects of Angiotensin II on receptor organs: counters RAAS & blocks release of aldosterone. Tx: HTN. SE: Angioedema.
lispro insulin
Short-duration/rapid acting insulin often taken with longer acting insulin. It is produced by making an amino acid switch from natural insulin.
lithium
BPD; drug of choice for euphoric mania.Na+ depletion can lead to Lithium toxicity (diuretics, dehydration) When the body is low on sodium, it holds onto lithium, voiding increased
lovastatin
"Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase leading to increases in the number of LDL receptors. Beneficial actions include lowering LDL levels, raising HDL levels and increasing plaque stability. SEs include headache, myalgia, and rash. Category X drug.
metformin
"Biguanide that acts by decreasing glucose production. Major SEs include hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis. It is a preferred treatment for obese pts with insulin resistant diabetes, and possibly for NIDDM prevention.
metoprolol
"Cardiac-specific beta blocker - shown to have efficacious effects in treating a patient with heart failure.
minoxidil
"Vasodilator with the unusal SE of hypertrichosis; used for treating HTN unresponsive to other drugs. [Show Less]