NURS 497 Final Exam - Complete Solutions (Answered) A 35 year old patient is admitted with an unsteady gait and abnormal involuntary dancing movements
... [Show More] of the head and upper and lower limbs. The nurse recognizes this to be: a) Huntington's Disease b) Guillain Barre Syndrome c) Myasthenia Gravis d) Parkinson's Disease The nurse is caring for a client with Alzheimer's disease. The family cannot understand why the client cannot remember specific memories. Which of the following statements indicate the nurse's understanding of the illness and how it refers to memory? a) Neurofibrillary tangles are more concentrated in the cerebellum b) Neurofibrillary tangles are more concentrated in the hippocampus c) Neurofibrillary tangles are more concentrated in the frontal lobe d) Neurofibrillary tangles are more concentrated in the basal ganglia A patient with Parkinson's disease was admitted to the hospital after a fall due to akinesia. The nurse explains this term to the patient's family as: a) "The patient fell due to abnormal head and neck movements." b) "The patient fell due to a feeling of inner restlessness." c) "The patient fell due to inability to move." d) The patient fell due to a facial twitch." A patient has excessive movement. What disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? a) Hypokinesia b) Akinesia c) Hyperkinesia d) Dyskinesia Patients diagnosed with myasthenia gravis often have tumors or pathological changes in which area of the body? a) Brain b) Pancreas c) Thymus d) Lungs
When a patient asks, "What is the cause of multiple sclerosis", how should the nurse answer? a) There are vascular and metabolic factors b) It is caused by a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response c) It is an autoimmune disorder in those with genetic susceptibility d) It involves neurotransmitters and inherited genes A 35 year old patient is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. CT scan reveals that the cancer is limited to the ovaries. It would be classified as stage: a) I b) II c) III d) IV A patient wants to know about the risk factors for acute leukemia. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) a) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection b) Ovarian cancer c) Exposure to ionizing radiation d) Chemotherapy treatment for other cancers e) Eating genetically modified foods A 3 year old child was diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Where is this tumor? a) In the bone marrow b) In the liver c) In the brain d) In the kidney A 50 year old patient is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the development of cancer? a) Asbestos b) Air pollution c) Radiation d) Cigarette smoking A 35 year old patient has enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and medialstinal mass. The patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Which of the following abnormal cells would the nurse expect to find with this disease? a) Schwann cell
b) Merkel cell c) Kupffer cell d) Reed-Sternberg cell A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss? a) Retinoblastoma b) Leukemia c) Neuroblastoma d) Wilms tumor What is a malignant tumor of the striated muscle tissue called? a) Rhabdomyosarcoma b) Myelogenic tumor c) Rhabomyoma d) Giant cell tumor The nurse assessing a client with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The client asks what CML is. Which response by the nurse would be most accurate? a) "Common in older adults; strongly associated with toxins, genetic disorders, and treatment of other cancers." b) "Primarily affects older adults; gradual onset with clients experiencing fatigue." c) "Primarily affects adults; the course is slow and stable, progressing to aggressive phase in 3-4 years." d) "It primarily affects children and young adults; leukemic cells infiltrate the central nervous system." What is the origin of most childhood cancers? a) Environment b) Placenta c) Mesodermal germ layer d) Neural tube A patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma reports severe pain. What is the pain attributed to? a) Destruction to the bone tissue b) Neuropathic infiltrations c) Accumulation of toxic proteins d) Tissue hypoxia What is the difference between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes? (select all that apply) a) Proto-oncogenes function as regulators of cell growth b) Proto-oncogenes have a role in DNA repair c) Proto-oncogenes are normal genes essential for normal cell growth d) Tumor suppressor genes convert to oncogene activation and can cause uncontrolled growth e) Tumor suppressor genes function as regulators of cell growth; some have a role in cell cycle regulation f) Tumor suppressor genes are a type of repair genes associated with microsatellite instability in some syndromes Which of the following measures should be implemented to prevent skin cancer? a) Minimize indoor tanning booth use. Only use it for 1 week prior to a beach vacation b) Cover exposed skin using a sunscreen lotion with sun protection factors (SPF) of 30 or higher c) Avoid direct exposure to the sun between 9am and 11am, when UV rays are most intense d) Only use sun lamps, as prescribed by a dermatologist, to reduce acne A graduate nurse on the oncology unit has questions about cancer staging. The RN they are buddied with explains that the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system is intended to: (select all that apply) a) Evaluate extent of disease b) Be a staging system used in all cancer types c) Determine a plan for cancer treatment d) Determine the degree of differentiation of the tumor The oncology nurse should understand that biomarkers or tumor markers are (select all that apply): a) Valuable in establishing a diagnosis b) Routinely used in all solid tumors c) Helpful in determining staging d) Beneficial in directing treatment options e) Not useful in prognosis Simon was treated for osteosarcoma of the thigh area when he was 19, approximately ten years ago. He has been well for many years. Now he appears tired and has an unexplained 15lb weight loss, a constant nonproductive cough and shallow respirations. The nurse suspects he has: a) Developed metastatic disease to the lungs
b) Mononucleosis c) Pneumonia d) Metastasis to the GI tract Common symptoms of Wilm's Tumor include: (select all that apply) a) One sided abdominal pain b) Neutropenia c) Nose bleeds d) High BP e) Hematuria f) Nausea Aiden, a 19 year old patient makes an appointment with his primary healthcare provider. He discovered a lump in his neck above his right clavicle. He initially thought it was from playing lacrosse, however it has remained there for at least a month. He did not think anything of it because it was not painful. About two weeks ago, he noticed another lump in his right axilla. He mentions that he has been tired, but attributes that to playing a lot of lacrosse. He has lost weight recently and wakes up drenched in sweat. The nurse is concerned because his symptoms are consistent with: a) Hodgkin's lymphoma b) Mononucleosis c) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma d) Acute myeloid leukemia Which of the following is true about leukemia? a) The most common type of leukemia in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), accounting for 75% of cases. b) Most leukemia is diagnosed in kids c) The most common type of leukemia in children in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). d) The most common type of leukemia in adults is ALL. Pain in a patient with multiple myeloma commonly results from: a) Intestinal obstruction caused by enlarging soft tissue mass b) Neural infiltration of plasma cells c) Lytic bone lesions d) Marrow infiltration Which of the following is considered a late symptom of colorectal cancer? a) Flatulence b) Changes in bowel habits [Show Less]