NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Rasmussen College Final Exam
1. Explain primary prevention
- Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of
... [Show More] disease for people
2. Explain secondary prevention
- "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it spreads
3. Explain tertiary prevention
- "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the condition
4. What are examples of primary prevention?
- Vaccinations and Handwashing
5. What are examples of secondary prevention?
- PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
6. What are examples of tertiary prevention?
- Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcer
7. What happens to the body during the sympathetic phase of the flight or fight response?
- Pupils dilate, salivation inhibited, increase in HR, bronchodilation of airway, increased respirations, glucose release, inhibit GI/GU.
8. What happens to the body during the parasympathetic phase of the flight or light response?
- Rest and Digest. Pupils constrict, salivation occurs, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction, decreased respiration, GI/GU systems resume action
9. Explain the role of the nucleus
- control center of the cell, where DNA and genes are stored, produces mRNA to help build body proteins
10. Explain the role of the mitochondria
- Powerhouse of the cell. Provides energy in ATP, and has its own set of DNA
11. Explain the role of the ribosome
- produces RNA to produce proteins through transcriptions of DNA and translation of RNA into a protein
12. Explain the role of the lysosomes
- helps breakdown and digest dead cells, organelles, or tissues
13. Explain the role of the rough ER
- folded membranes that move proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes attached to it and helps produce proteins for the cell membrane
14. Explain the role of the smooth ER
- helps the Liver and kidney cells to detoxify, lipid metabolism, synthesis of hormones, and calcium storage
15. Explain the role of the peroxisome
- membrane cells that contain oxidase and catalase to detoxify harmful chemicals, breakdown hydrogen peroxide and filter metabolic wastes
16. Explain the role of the Golgi body
- stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things in and out of cell
17. Explain passive immunity
- the transfer of preformed antibodies against specific antigens from a protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized person. Provides immediate and short-term protection. No memory cells are produced. IgA and IgE. Passes protection
18. What are examples of passive immunity?
- mom to fetus through placenta or mom to infant through breast milk. Serotherapy
19. Explain active immunity
- a protective state owing to the immune system response as a result of active infection or immunization. It has to be activated in the body and the body has to fight it to have long term immunity
20. What are examples of active immunity?
- Vaccinations
21. Explain what edema is
- accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. Leads to tissue swelling
22. What are some causes of edema?
- increase in the forces that move fluid from capillaries to interstitial compartments or decrease in the opposite.
23. What are factors that contribute to edema?
- Increase in hydrostatic forces in the capillaries that increases the blood volume, increased capillary permeability, CHF, HYPTN, decrease in plasma proteins like albumin (causes liver to hold onto more water- ascites, cirrhosis), blockage of lymph drainage
24. What is a hypersensitivity?
- an overreaction to antigens or allergens that is beyond the normal range, leading to damage [Show Less]