o A state in which all systems are in balance. State of equilibrium. Maintaining internal conditions stable. - Homeostasis
o Ability to successfully
... [Show More] adapt to challenges. Intricate regulatory processes orchestrated by the brain. - Allostasis:
Study of diseases within a population. Epidemiology is the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations. - Epidemiology:
o primary: Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible person (Example: Immunization)
o secondary: Early detection screening, and management of disease. (Example: cancer screening, performing months breast examinations)
o tertiary: Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning. (Example: PT/OT following stroke) - Review the different levels of disease prevention such as primary, secondary, and tertiary as well as examples for each.
o Sympathetic: Fight or Flight response
o Parasympathetic: Rest and digest - Review the differences between the sympathetic vs the parasympathetic nervous systems.
o Body focuses on specific organs and tissue to survive until body alleviates itself from stressor
§ Dilate pupils
§ Inhibit salivation
§ Increase heartbeat
§ Relax airway
§ Inhibit activity of stomach
§ Stimulate relapse of glucose; inhibit gallbladder
§ vii.Inhibit activity of intestine
§ viii.Secrete epi and norepinephrine
§ Relax bladder
§ Promote ejaculation and vaginal contraction - What happens to the body during "fight-or-flight" response?
Antigenic response beyond what is considered normal
Response to antigens (allergens) leading to damage:
Type I :Anaphylaxtic
Type II: Cytotoxic
Type III: Immune complex hypersensitivity
Type Iv: Delayed cell mediated - What is a hypersensitivity? Review the four different types of hypersensitivities:
o Active immunity: When the body creates antibodies when coming into contact with a virus. Ex: Vaccination
o Passive immunity: Passing on antigens. Ex: Breast feeding - Review the difference between active and passive immunity, know examples for each type.
vActive - when the body creates a antibodies once coming into contact with specific virus
Passive - when passed from mother to child through breast milk or blood stream - Review the difference between active and passive immunity, know examples for each type.
o Increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood vessel blockage, incompetent venous valves
o Increased capillary permeability (inflammation)
o Congestive heart failure
o High blood volume or HTN
o Decrease in plasma proteins (such as albumin)
o Blockage of lymphatic drainage (due to cancer or removal of lymph tissue) - Review the various factors that can contribute to edema.
-Benign
More closely resembles original tissue type
Grows more slowly
Little vascularity
Rarely necrotic
Does not invade adjacent tissue or spread to distant sites
Malignant
-Malignant cells ignore growth controlling signals
-Proliferate despite lack of growth-initiating signals from the environment
-Escape signals to die and achieve a kind of immortality
-Display a lack of differentiated features(anaplasia) and contribute poorly or not at all to the function of their tissue
Metastasis - process by which cancer cells escape their tissue of origin and initiate new colonies of cancer in distant sites - Review the differences between benign and malignant tumors.
Benign: Localized, generally curable
-More closely resembles original tissue type
-Grows more slowly
-Little vascularity
-Rarely necrotic
-Often retains original function
-Noninvasive, does not invade adjacent tissue
Malignant: Ex: Anastasia, and metastasis
-Malignant cells ignore growth controlling signals
-Proliferate despite lack of growth-initiating signals from the environment
-Escape signals to die and achieve a kind of immortality
-Display a lack of differentiated features(anaplasia) and contribute poorly or not at all to the function of their tissue - Review the differences between benign and malignant tumors. [Show Less]