RESPECT model when conducting Criminal Investigations - Answer- Respond and make it safe, Emergency care for injured, Separate and remove people, Protect
... [Show More] crime scene, Evidence collection, Corroborate evidence with M.G.L., Take action/Testify,
Best practices securing Inner Perimeter - Answer- Make at least TWICE the size of actual crime scene, Clearly mark perimeters with line tape, Only allow authorized investigators to the inner perimeter, ID pathway through inner perimeter that minimizes evidence contamination, establish single entry and exit point, Establish crime scene log, document all who go in and out, date/time in/out and reason
Best practices in establishing Outer Perimeter - Answer- Staging area for support personnel and equipment, Store equipment and supplies, have a log of equipment, assets, and supplies.
Documenting the crime scene - Answer- Rough Sketch- basic overview of the crime scene, conducted after initial walkthrough, include date,time, not to scale, symbol legend, relevant measurements and dimensions.
Photographing Crime Scene - Do not use personal camera or phone, photograph evidence in natural state. Use a planned system to document, start with an overall perspective, then a midrange perspective, the close up of any evidence, injuries, serial numbers or impression evidence, do not delete any photos or use editing software.
direct evidence - Answer- Evidence that directly links a person to a crime without the need of any additional evidence or inference
Circumstantial Evidence - Answer- Evidence relies on a inference to connect a conclusion or fact.
Physical Evidence - Answer- tangible items that tend to prove some material fact; also called real evidence
Testimonial Evidence - Answer- It includes first-hand statements made by victims, witnesses, suspects or police. MAy be direct or circumstantial.
exculpatory evidence - Answer- evidence that suggests the defendant's innocence, or clears them from the crime
relevant evidence - Answer- Tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence
Reliable evidence - Answer- That has not been tampered with and in substantially the same condition as evidence originally seized by police when presented in court.
Chain of custody - Answer- the chronological documentation, or paper trail, showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, of evidence collected. Must show all who come in contact with the evidence.
Physical Evidence - Answer- Is the most compelling because it is tangible and harder to dispute. Examples: Money, drugs, clothing
Trace Evidence - Answer- Is transferred from one surface to another during physical contact between people, places and objects. Examples: soil, minerals, gunshot residue, human/animal hair, textile, wood, glass an paint fibers
DNA Evidence - Answer- Evidence includes human hair, tissue, bone, teeth, blood, saliva, semen, or other bodily fluids. Highly susceptible to contamination.
Types of Fingerprint evidence - Answer- Plastic - can be seen with naked eye when left on a mailable surface
Patent - can be seen with naked eye and left behind when materials on finger is transferred to another surface
Latent - cannot be seen with the naked eye and is left behind when oil and sweat on finger is transferred to a smooth, nonporous surface.
Impression Evidence - Answer- Created when one object presses against another with enough force to leave a matching imprint. Examples: shoe prints, tire tread, human bite marks, can be found in snow, blood, dirt and human skin
Packaging of Clothing, Bedding and Linen evidence - Answer- Wet evidence must be aired dried before storing
WET clothing, bedding, linens - use a nonporous container to temporarily collect
DRY - paper bags, cardboard boxes
Package evidence separately by source to prevent cross contamination
Weapons Evidence Collection - Answer- Includes firearms, knifes, ammunition baseball bats etc used to commit a crime
Process for DNA and Trace Evidence first
Refrain form touching, unless there is a risk of safety. IE: Loaded weapon
DO NOT insert anything into barrel of firearm
Unload firearm and use plastic Zip Tie to make device inoperable
Document total number of unspent rounds in firearm chamber, cylinder or magazine
Currency Evidence - Answer- Includes coins, cash and stock/bond certificates.
ID total amount for each denomination
Use a second person to verify and witness count by name and signature
use plastic bag and heat seal or tamper proof seal them.
Digital Evidence - Answer- Electronic files found in computers, flash drives, memory cards ,security cameras, cell phones. All memory involved.
document evidence - Answer- Documents or papers includes checks, billing statements, purchase receipts financial records handwritten letters. Do not alter documents by stapling, folding, taping or marking
Types of Evidence Searches - Answer- Place Search - determined by circumstances and evidence sought
Systematic Search - determined by officer preference, top down, front to back, left to right, Outside to inside
Lane Search - used to cover large areas quickly. Max lane width 6 feet, search lane from both ends.
Grid search - used to cover areas more thoroughly for evidence that is hard to find
Person - frisk is a warrantless search. Use systematic and zones methods
Body cavity - must have probable cause to do so, touching requires a search warrant
personal inventory - follow dept policy
Vehicle searches - systematic and zone methods to search.
Describe a Show Up - Answer- Live in person presentation at the scene of one or more suspects to a single witness. Must have good reason, exigency, and use best practices. Should be done within 2 hours minimize suggestiveness
Photo Array - Answer- ID relevant estimator variables
Control system variables
Use a min of 6 photographs
Use current photos
Use filler photographs the depict similar features
Suspect clothing should not stand out
Use double blind administration
Show all photos one at a time, can reshow 2 times
Ask witness to explain his/her certainty
Give consistent instructions
Never use same people in live lineup in photo array
Report details of photo array
Definition of Accident intent - Answer- sudden, unexpected happening that occurs without intention or design
Definition of Knowingly intent - Answer- a voluntary and intentional act, not because of mistake, accident, negligence or other innocent reason
Definition of Malice intent - Answer- intentional and without justification or mitigation, and out of cruelty, hostility or revenge
Definition of Negligent Intent - Answer- conduct that a reasonable and careful person would not do
Definition of Reckless Intent - Answer- conduct is very likely to cause substantial harm, and person should have known that their conduct poses such risk but did so anyway
Definition of Wanton Intent - Answer- conduct that consciously disregards, or is indifferent to, an immediate danger of substantial harm to other people or their property
Definition of Willful Intent - Answer- w/ purpose and by design, and not out of mistake or accident
Types of Intent - Answer- Specific- intent exists when offender has a specific "purpose" for committing the grime
General:- intent exists when offender knowingly commits a crime
Transferred- intent exists when an offender intends to commit one crime but ends up committing an unintended crime. Offender's intent to commit the second or unintended crime is presumed if it is a probable consequence of the first intended crime
Case status - Answer- Unsolved- leads were exhausted and offender remains unknown
Active- potential evidence still exists and needs to be collected, reviewed or checked
Solved -offender was identified and charged
Types of Vicimization - Answer- Financial- lost property, money or wages from employment
Physical- personal injuries sustained from crime
Emotional - victims can experience a wide range of feelings, not limited to anger distrust, fear and loss of self-worth
Victim Finnacial Assistance - Answer- Right to compensation
Crime must be reported to police within five (5) days unless there is a reason
Victim must cooperate w/ law enforcement
Victim must apply for compensation within three (3) years of offense date
MA Criminal court process for filing criminal complaint - Answer- 1. Charges
2. Arraignment
3. Pre trial
4 Grand Jury
5 Discovery
6 Motion to suppress
7 Trial
8 Sentencing
9 Appeal [Show Less]