Midterm Exam:NR503/NR 503 (2023/2024 Update) Population Health, Epidemiology &Statistical Principles Review|100% Correct|Guide with Questions and Verified
... [Show More] Answers| A Grade -Chamberlain
QUESTION
How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a screening test? Where
would and NP look to find a screening test? What determines if a screening test should be used?
Answer:
Determining whether a screening test is appropriate requires the APRN to address several
aspects of the disease of interest. The target population needs to be identifiable. There should be
enough people to make the study cost effective. The preclinical period should be proficient to
allow treatment before symptoms appear so that early diagnosis and treatment make a difference
in terms of outcomes. The NP could look at the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality, and SAMHSA-HRSA to find a screening test. Sensitivity
and specificity measure the validity of a test. Sensitivity is the number identified/ the number
affected. Specificity is the number identified in the screening of not having the disease/ the actual
number who do not have the disease.
QUESTION
Can you explain what "descriptive epidemiology" means? What is the purpose? How is it used?
Answer:
It covers time place and person.
First, by looking at the data carefully, the epidemiologist becomes very familiar with the data. He
or she can see what the data can or cannot reveal based on the variables available, its limitations
(for example, the number of records with missing information for each important variable), and
its eccentricities (for example, all cases range in age from 2 months to 6 years, plus one 17-yearold.).
Second,
the epidemiologist
learns
the
extent
and
pattern
of
the public health
problem
being
investigated
—
which
months,
which
neighborhoods,
and
which
groups
of
people
have
the
most
and
least
cases.
Third,
the
epidemiologist
creates
a
detailed
description
of
the health
of a
population
that
can
be
easily
communicated
with
tables,
graphs,
and
maps.
Fourth, the epidemiologist can identify areas or groups within the population that have high rates
of disease. This information in turn provides important clues to the causes of the disease, and
these clues can be turned into testable hypotheses.
QUESTION
How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related, how do they work together to aid
evidence-based care?
Answer:
______________- helps look at the cause of the issue or disease process. ________ ________
focuses on the person, place, and time. An example of how they are intertwined might be a
person who was sick from E. Coli. The physician might look at what the individual ate to
determine what made them sick. For instance, they may have decided to eat from the salad bar at
a local restaurant.
QUESTION
What does "causation" mean? Can you relate causation to primary, secondary and tertiary
interventions?
Answer:
is an increase in a casual factor or exposure causes an increase in the outcome of interest
(disease). It is related to primary intervention could be the use of flu vaccines yearly to prevent
the flu from causing an illness. A secondary intervention would be to test for the influenza virus
in a patient. A tertiary intervention would be giving Tamiflu to a flu positive patient. Since we
know that the influenza virus causes the flu when can help to perform actions against it.
QUESTION
Define Are you able to discuss "surveillance" and its relationship to "causation"?
Answer:
is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the
planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice closely integrated with the
timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. Passive surveillance involves
using data to look at reportable diseases while active involves using individuals such as project
staff interviewing physicians about cases. Using surveillance can help identify the causation of
diseases particularly in a specific population.
QUESTION
Define the case-control study and how does it differ (or how is it the same) as the cohort study
design?
Answer:
The cohort study design identifies a people exposed to a particular factor and a comparison
group that was not exposed to that factor and measures and compares the incidence of disease in [Show Less]