Does having a 1st deg relative w prostate cancer inc the risk? - Answer- Yes (2X the risk)
2nd deg relative: 1:7
What is the half life of PSA? -
... [Show More] Answer- 2.2 days
What determines the range of normal PSA? - Answer- Age (inc w age)
What med can dec PSA? - Answer- 5-Alpha reductase inibitors
How do you tx HSP? - Answer- GCCs, but no specific tx is available
Analgesics
Bed rest
Monitor bp
Are febrile seizures genetic? - Answer- Yes
What is the incidence of febrile seizures, and how many people have another convulsion? - Answer- Incidence: 5%
30% have another seizure
2% get epilepsy
How do you tx febrile seizures? - Answer- Acetaminophen
For 2min seizure: rectal diazepam or midazolam
For >10min: IV diazepam
What is the max dose of acetaminophen/d in kids? In adults? - Answer- Kids: 90mg/kg/d (15mg/kg/dose)
Adults: 4g/d
How do you tx acetaminophen toxicity? - Answer- Charcoal within 1st 60 min
Test acetaminophen level at 4h --> if needed then, give NAC (should be given within 10 hours)
Also give NAC if amount is unknown but significant if only came in at like 10-12hrs post
How long is the average length of depressive episodes? How many episodes on average do people get a year? - Answer- Length: 6 months
5-6/year
What are the indications for long term tx of depression? - Answer- 2 depressive episodes in 5 years
3 prior episodes
Severe psychotic depression
Serious suicide attempt
What are causes of mitral stenosis? - Answer- RF
Congenital
SLE
RA
Carcinoid
What are side effects of TCAs? - Answer- Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Orthostatic hypoT
Seizures + tremors
Weight gain
What is hypophosphatemic rickets? - Answer- Vit D resistant rickets
X linked dominant
Dec renal tubular resorption of phosphate
(but no prob w absorption of other things)
Get deficient bone mineralization (+ bowed legs) d/t dec phosphate, not Ca
Inc alk phos
Craniostenosis (premature suture fusion)
Seizures
How do you tx hypophosphatemic rickets? - Answer- Vit D
GH (somatotropin)
Phosphate
Thiazides (anticalciuric)
How do you dx acute diverticulitis? - Answer- AXR (upright)
CT/US
Hypaque enema (water)
Blood cx (to manage abx given)
What is a Hartman procedure + what is it used for? What are indications for surgery? - Answer- Sigmoid colectomy + End sigmoid/descending colectomy + closure of rectal stump
For acute diverticulitis
Indications:
- perforation
- abscess
- immunosup
- 2 or more attacks
- unstable pt w peritonitis
Is PCOS hereditary? - Answer- Yes
Can you have normal menstruation in PCOS? - Answer- Yes, in 20% of cases
How many follicles should you see in PCOS? - Answer- 10-20 follicles, <8mm
How do you tx fibrocystic changes of the breast? - Answer- Dietary --> dec caffeine, soft drinks, chocolate
OCPs
NSAIDs --> for pain
Danazol (maybe) --> for pain
Vit E, B6, niacin
Dec salt intake (to dec fluid)
When would you hospitalize croup? - Answer- Resp distress or stridor at rest
Uncertain dx
Social reasons
What are the different grades of croup? - Answer- Grade 1: stridor at rest but no retractions/distress
Grade 2: stridor at rest + retractions
Grade 3: marked resp distress + irritability + pallor + cyanosis + tachycardia...
How do you tx croup? - Answer- Oxygen
If insp stridor at rest --> corticosteroids
(oral, IV, nebulized, IM - doesnt matter)
(oral = 1/d for 1-2d)
Nebulised budesonide if child vomits after steroids
Nebulised adrenaline if grade 3 (or grade 2 not responding to steroids)
What do dysmorphic RBCs in urine signify? - Answer- Glomerular dis
Flat topped papules, ulcerated, on penis, w inguinal lymphadenopathy - Answer- Klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale)
How do you dx granuloma inguinale? Tx? Whats the infectivity? - Answer- PCR
Donovan bodies on stained tissue scrapings or bx
Tx: TMP SMX or doxycycline, for 3 weeks
Low infectivity even amongst sexual partners
What are ENA Abs? - Answer- Anti-Sm, Ro, La etc
What is pityriasis alba? - Answer- Macular pale non-itchy patches on skin
Typically on face of kids + adolescents, commonly around mouth + cheeks
Also on trunk + upper limbs
Not contagious
Clinical dx (do KOH to R/O others)
Usually self-limiting, but can give topical hydrocortisone + emollient
What is the dif bw postpartum blues + depression? - Answer- Blues = peaks on 4-5 d postpartum, gone by 2 weeks
Depression: develops over 3 months
How long should postpartum depression be tx? - Answer- 6-12 months
What is logopedic testing? - Answer- Stuttering
What is in the DD of selective mutism? - Answer- Expressive language dis (stutter)
Hearing impairment
Intellectual dis
Autism
Mood dis
What breast histology is associated w inc risk of breast cancer? - Answer- Atypical hyperplasia
Hyperplasia - mod or severe
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Papillomatosis
In BRCA1/2 or +ve Fam hx, when should they begin screening/how often? - Answer- Annual mammogram + PE q6mo starting at age 25, or 5-10 years before earliest familial case
Screening if have lobular carcinoma in situ of breast? - Answer- Annual mammogram + PE q6-12 mo
Screening if had prior chest radiotherapy? - Answer- Annual mammogram + PE q6 mo beginning 10 yrs post-radiation
What are the sizes of micro and macroadenoma of pituitary? How do you tx? - Answer- Micro: <1cm
Macro >1cm
Both: Dopamine agonists
Surgery ONLY IF:
Fail to respond or cant tolerate
>3cm + desires pregnancy
When does somatization usually occur? - Answer- Childhood, adolescence or early adulthood
How should family members help in somatization dis? How do you tx it? - Answer- Fam members should encourage pt to go to dr, but shouldnt become preoccupied w the sx
Meds = not successful
Cognitive behavioural therapy = helpful
Avoid acute or long term narcotics
How often do you need a DTaP booster? - Answer- Q10 years
What should be done for LSIL? - Answer- Either repeat cytology in 6 months, or do colpo
Who should get HPV testing? - Answer- >30 yo
(NOT after LSIL) [Show Less]