Leadership CH 1-6 Exam 30 Questions with Verified Answers
The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is best prepared to assume which of the following nursing
... [Show More] roles?
A. Responsibility for the evaluation of a client's plan of care
B. Preoperative assessments on clients requiring surgical interventions
C. Research to provide evidence-based practice regarding neonatal feeding practices
D. Acting as advocate for an elderly, cognitively impaired client hospitalized with gastrointestinal pain - CORRECT ANSWER Responsibility for the evaluation of a client's plan of care
The CNL is a master's-prepared RN who designs, implements, and evaluates client care by coordinating, delegating, and supervising the care provided by the health care team, including licensed nurses, technicians, and other health professionals. A Clinical Nurse specialist (CNS) is an advanced practice nurse who has expertise in a defined area of nursing practice such cardiac or infant and child care. The CNS engages in care as an expert clinician, educator, consultant, researcher, and administrator. The professional nurse (RN) addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, acting as a care provider, advocate, and educator.
What event in American history influenced the role African-American women have played in the nursing profession?
A. The creation of the U.S. Marine Hospital Service in 1798
B. The Civil War, beginning in 1861
C. The Army Nurse Corps, established in 1901
D. The North Carolina Nurse Practice Act of 1903 - CORRECT ANSWER The Civil War, beginning in 1861
The American Civil War allowed and encouraged African-American women to volunteer as nurses, thus setting the stage for their ultimate involvement in the profession of nursing. The U.S. Marine Hospital Service was the forerunner of today's U.S. Public Health Service. The Army Nurse Corps was an outcome of the Army Reorganization Act. North Carolina was the first state to implement the registration of nurses through its nursing practice act.
In the Middle Ages (467 BCE to 1450 AD), women delivered food, medicine, and care to the community's ill based on the:
A. Christian concepts of charity and the sanctity of human life.
B. need to make offerings to the gods in exchange for good health.
C. emphasis being placed on the patient-centered approach to health care.
D. emerging understanding of the importance of hygiene and sanitation. - CORRECT ANSWER Christian concepts of charity and the sanctity of human life.
The Middle Ages saw the Christian church as the central figure in the organization and management of health care, and its concepts of charity and sanctity of human life were influential in the practice of caring for the sick. Beginning in prehistoric times, there was a belief that illness was a direct outcome of displeasing the gods, which gave rise to the practice of making offerings to the gods. In many cultures, it is still believed that illness is related to punishment from the god(s). The concept of patient-centered care and use of the scientific method of problem solving originated with the Greeks (1500 to 100 BCE). The Romans (27 BCE to 476 AD) are credited with the concepts of good hygiene and sanitation being vital to good health
Which of the following interventions best demonstrates that a nursing administrator understands the challenges currently facing the professional nurse regarding patient safety?
A. Supporting nursing interventions directed towards providing holistic care to both the client and his/her support system
B. Requiring representation of the nursing staff in any discussion related to the redesign of patient care environments
C. Requiring that staffing and schedules accommodate the attendance at mandatory in-services focusing on interprofessional care collaboration
D. Supporting the right of the registered nurse to appropriately act as an advocate when a family disagrees with a client's wishes to limit visitors. - CORRECT ANSWER Requiring that staffing and schedules accommodate the attendance at mandatory in-services focusing on interprofessional care collaboration
The changing duties, responsibilities, and conflicts amid nursing shortages and public concern over patient safety and quality of care characterize present-day practice. These changes require professional nurses to have core competency in critical thinking and communication as well as interprofessional collaboration, assessment, leadership, and technical skills, in addition to their knowledge of health care. Although nurses support providing holistic care to both client and family and providing for appropriately designed patient rooms and common areas, ,interprofessional care collaboration has a much greater impact on the delivery of appropriate and safe client care. Although client advocacy is a nursing responsibility, the focus in this situation is on client autonomy, not safety.
There is increasing evidence that nursing needs to address the ability of its members to provide high-quality, effective care as patient-centered care needs intensify. Which nursing behavior demonstrates an understanding of how these needs will be best initially met?
A. Enrolling in a Masters of Nursing Education graduate program
B. Volunteering to provide community health screening at a senior citizen center
C. Becoming politically active regarding the delivery of health care on the national level
D. Regularly speaking to groups of high school students regarding the profession of nursing - CORRECT ANSWER Enrolling in a Masters of Nursing Education graduate program
The need for nurses to provide the care for the influx of clients projected in the future is best addressed initially through the increase in nurses with graduate degrees. This allows for the education and training of future nurses who are introduced to nursing through effective recruiting targeted at various populations. Health screening is directed towards the early detection of health care needs. Political activism is directed towards health care policy change and enactment on national and even local government levels.
The image that best serves today's profession of nursing is one that portrays:
A. skill and caring.
B. trust and belief.
C. honesty and loyalty.
D. dependability and charity. - CORRECT ANSWER trust and belief.
The image most important to today's nursing professional is one that supports the public's need to trust and believe in the nurse caring for them. The individual actually providing the care often changes with each shift change and so the perception of the profession as a whole is vitally important. Although the other options represent positive traits, they all seem to be embodied in the image of trust and belief in the public's collective mind.
The play Miss Evers' Boys was one of the first literary presentations that depicted nurses as:
A. trained professionals.
B. caring and charitable.
C. client advocates.
D. self-sacrificing. - CORRECT ANSWER client advocates.
The play and eventual television movie Miss Evers' Boys tells the story of the now-infamous Tuskegee experiment that focused on the treatment of syphilis among African-American men between1932 and 1972. Miss Evers was the nurse in charge of recruiting subjects. The play describes how her request for the inclusion of penicillin into the treatment plan was denied, even though penicillin was the treatment of choice for the disease after 1947.
Which of the current perceptions of nursing most likely accounts for the lagging numbers of males in the profession?
A. Poor income potential
B. Work is routine and boring
C. Lack of professional autonomy
D. Viewed as a female profession - CORRECT ANSWER Viewed as a female profession
Nursing continues to be viewed as a female profession although the number of males entering the profession is steadily increasing. The public views nursing as an interesting and meaningful profession that provides good job security but does not provide job independence. The perception of job independence affects both male and females equally.
The ability to maintain appropriate professional boundaries and preserve nurse-client confidences has been most severely impacted by:
A. the misuse of social media forums by nurses.
B. the hesitation of state boards of nursing to discipline offenders.
C. the courts' reluctance to uphold legal decisions involving professional boundaries.
D. the nursing profession's inability to adequately define unacceptable behaviors. - CORRECT ANSWER the misuse of social media forums by nurses.
The ramifications of inappropriate posting of information by nursing professionals as well as nursing students via the various forms of social media has created serious problems affecting confidentiality and professional boundaries. State boards of nursing take these breaches of nursing practice seriously, revoking nurses' license to practice and expelling students from nursing programs. Currently the courts have upheld legal decisions involving such actions.
A staff nurse routinely finds it difficult to receive clarification on prescriptions and orders written by a particular member of the medical staff. When numerous attempts to deal directly with the physician fail, the nurse most appropriately manages the problem by:
A. making it known to the nurse manager that they will no longer accept the physician's clients as patients.
B. documenting the problem in terms of client safety concerns and forwarding the information to both the nursing manager and chief of medical staff.
C. informing the clients that any dissatisfaction with their care should be directed towards their physician for resolution.
D. presenting the issues to the unit's entire nursing staff so that a unified plan can be developed to ensure the safety of the physician's clients. - CORRECT ANSWER documenting the problem in terms of client safety concerns and forwarding the information to both the nursing manager and chief of medical staff.
The problem will best be addressed as a medical staff problem with appropriate documentation of the problem as it affects client safety being forwarded to both nursing and medical staff administration. Refusing to treat a particular physician's clients or discussing the situation with the clients themselves is not professional behavior and so not a viable option. Involving the entire nursing staff may seem effective but it merely identifies the situation as a nursing problem rather than what it truly is—a medical problem.
Which educational intervention demonstrates the most acceptable application of technology as a trend that is currently influencing nursing education as well as client safety?
A. Scheduling an orientation session on computer-based documentation for each freshman nursing student
B. Providing a list of acceptable Internet sites to use as resources for medication administration
C. Requiring each student to have access to a personal laptop computer installed with all required software
D. Allowing pre- and postclinical written assignments to be submitted electronically - CORRECT ANSWER Providing a list of acceptable Internet sites to use as resources for medication administration
The ever-expanding need for rapid, accurate information has presented a problem for both faculty and student. Appropriate Internet sites can serve as effective sources of information when faculty plays a role in identifying these sites. Such faculty involvement also helps ensure client safety because this information is used to provide client care. Scheduling time for the students to become familiar with computer-based documentation systems is helpful but is not as safety oriented as is the correct option. Requiring personal computers for classroom work and testing and allowing electronic submission of written assignments is student focused rather than client focused.
Increasing professional and personal responsibility has been identified as an issue influencing the education of today's nursing professional. Which of the following has the greatest impact on client safety in the acute care setting?
A. Requiring all nurse managers to possess at least a Bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN)
B. Scheduling mandatory competency assessments on all shifts to facilitate compliance
C. Offering monetary incentives to nursing staff who earn appropriate certifications
D. Providing nursing staff with classes that focus on effective communication skills - CORRECT ANSWER Scheduling mandatory competency assessments on all shifts to facilitate compliance
Although all the options contribute to safe nursing care, regular, rigorous assessment of clinical skills has the greatest impact on client safety.
A nurse manager recognizes which of the following as an example of a desirable practice-based competency outcome for a recently licensed registered nurse? The novice nurse:
A. demonstrates excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
B. meets orientation expectations 1 week ahead of schedule.
C. has no absences during the required probationary employment period.
D. asks for a work schedule that supports enrollment in an advanced nursing program. - CORRECT ANSWER meets orientation expectations 1 week ahead of schedule.
The outcomes of practice-based competency relate to clinical practice. Demonstrating the ability to achieve the goals of the facility's orientation program 1 week ahead of schedule shows clinical expertise and professional confidence, both reflective of practice-based competency. An excellent attendance record and an interest in earning an advanced nursing degree reflect professionalism, and although effective communication and interpersonal skills are desirable, they are not considered among the necessary clinical care skills.
The nursing faculty incorporates which practice-based learning activity in order to meet the students' need to learn about the sociodemographics currently present among today's population?
A. Inclusion of a geriatric experience as a clinical requirement of all nursing students
B. Participation in a panel discussion on the political agendas of several national nursing organizations
C. Creation of a poster that compares and contrasts Medicaid and private insurance health care coverage
D. Preparing a care plan that addresses the needs of an immigrant client with limited English language skills - CORRECT ANSWER Inclusion of a geriatric experience as a clinical requirement of all nursing students
The sociodemographics of a population includes descriptions of the sociological and statistical information represented among a population. Age-related information would be included and thus bring attention to the growing population of older adults in the United States and their health needs. The political agenda of nursing organizations and health care delivery systems are considered political and economic rather that sociodemographic in nature. Language barriers would be considered cultural in nature.
A social issue that is currently having a very negative impact on the learning environment in classrooms can be best minimized by initially:
A. presenting information using a variety of methods so that all learning styles will be addressed.
B. requiring that electronic devices be turned off when entering a classroom or other learning environment.
C. presenting information on the proper use of social media by nursing students as it impacts client confidentiality.
D. defining behaviors that will not be tolerated in the classroom since they do not demonstrate respect or civility. - CORRECT ANSWER defining behaviors that will not be tolerated in the classroom since they do not demonstrate respect or civility.
The decline of respectful, civil interpersonal behavior is a social problem that impacts even the learning environment. The initial defining of unacceptable behaviors is most effective in setting expectations of classroom etiquette. While the other options may represent reasonable requests, they are not as directed towards the primary issue of effective learning environments.
The primary purpose of nursing licensure is to:
A. raise nursing to the level of a profession.
B. recognize the knowledge and skills of the professional nurse.
C. provide the public with protection against poorly trained nurses.
D. identify all persons who have graduated from a school of nursing - CORRECT ANSWER provide the public with protection against poorly trained nurses.
When it became evident that nursing programs varied greatly in their entry criteria and academic requirements, it became necessary to address the resulting confusion and so licensure was adapted as a means of protecting the public. It is true the licensure acknowledges the skills and academic expertise of those who have successfully graduated from a school of nursing, but those are not the primary purpose of the license. Licensure is not the only criteria for attaining professional status.
The right to identify oneself as a registered nurse (RN) is defined and protected by which component of a state's nurse practice act?
A. Purpose of the act
B. Licensure requirements
C. Definition of nursing practice
D. Description of the nurse's scope of practice - CORRECT ANSWER Purpose of the act
The first purpose of a nurse practice act is to protect the health and safety of the public, the second purpose is to protect the title of RN. The legal title RN is reserved for those meeting the requirements to practice nursing. Only those licensed may use the designation of RN. Licensure requirements describe qualifications and procedures necessary for initial entry into nursing practice. The definition of nursing is of utmost importance because it delineates the scope of practice for nurses within the state, that is, each act outlines the activities nurses may legally perform within the jurisdiction.
The mutual recognition model of nursing regulation has been adopted by many states. Which of the following situations was an initial factor in the formation of that model?
A. The introduction of the associate degree nursing program
B. The growing presence of nurse-managed telehealth services
C. The legal need to ensure nurses due process under the law
D. The need to clarify the responsibilities and rights of professional nurses - CORRECT ANSWER The growing presence of nurse-managed telehealth services
Through this model, individual state boards formed the NLC, a collection or compact of states that recognize a nurse's right to practice in all involved states as long as they are licensed in at least one of the compact states. This form of regulation was motivated by the increased mobility of nurses, the telehealth movement, and the necessity of caring for patients across long distances. Concerns have emerged relating to monitoring nurses' practice in multiple jurisdictions, nurse privacy, and due process rights.
Where can a registered nurse (RN) find the most reliable guidelines regarding the appropriate delegation of activities or tasks to unlicensed nursing personnel?
A. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
B. The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
C. The American Nurses Associate (ANA)
D. That state's Nurse Practice Act - CORRECT ANSWER That state's Nurse Practice Act
Guidelines for delegation have been developed by many nursing organizations, including the ANA and NCSBN. Although the professional organizations' guidelines are helpful, it is the nurse practice acts of individual states that establish the legal definitions of appropriate delegation practices. Because regulations differ among states, each nurse must identify and understand the regulations for the state in which he or she practices. The ANCC is an organization that focuses on the certifications of nurses in various areas of nursing practice.
Although requirements governing the practice of advance practice nursing may vary significantly, all states require:
A. a master's degree in nursing.
B. certification in the specialty area.
C. 10 years of practice in the specialty area.
D. a supervisory relationship with a physician. - CORRECT ANSWER certification in the specialty area.
All states require evidence of certification in the specialty area. A master's degree is not required in all states. Requirements concerning supervisory and collaborative practices vary, as do requirements for years of practice in the specialty.
What factor qualifies nursing to be defined as a profession?
A. Existence of a substantial body of nursing knowledge
B. Regular collaboration with members of the medical profession
C. Implementation of the nursing process in the delivery of care
D. Engagement in the management of unlicensed nursing care givers - CORRECT ANSWER Existence of a substantial body of nursing knowledge
Only when a substantial body of nursing knowledge is collected, organized, and developed will the profession be defined and its scope of practice differentiated. The other options, although true of nursing, are not criteria for profession status.
The question that is being focused on during the implementation of the scientific process is referred to as the:
A. method.
B. theory.
C. result.
D. hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER hypothesis
The hypothesis asks the question that is to be the main focus of the process. The method decides what data will be collected to answer the hypothesis while the result is the conclusion arrived at after the data is analyzed. A theory is a collection of knowledge that is specific while addressing a phenomenon or the relationship between phenomena.
A theory meets the criteria of fruitfulness when it:
A. includes all concepts related to the area of interest.
B. generates new directions for future research.
C. is easily understood and replicated.
D. is reflective of its scientific basis. - CORRECT ANSWER generates new directions for future research.
The theory meets the criteria of fruitfulness when it is able to generate avenues for new research. When all related concepts are represented in the theory it is said to have inclusiveness. Simplicity refers to the theory's ability to be replicated. Relevance is represented in a theory's reflection of its scientific basis.
When a nurse places clean linen on the bed of a comatose client, which nursing theory is being implemented?
A. Roy's Adaptation Model
B. Nightingale's Theory of Practice
C. Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings
D. Peplau's Interpersonal Relations as a Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWER Nightingale's Theory of Practice
The Nightingale theory investigates the effect of the environment on healing. Roy focuses on the client's adaptation to conditions using environmental stimuli to adjust perception. The interpersonal relationship of the nurse and the client is the focus of Peplau's work. Energy fields, openness, reorganization, and patterns are components of Rogers' theory.
The primary benefit nursing theories have provided the profession is to:
A. add additional information to the body of nursing knowledge.
B. guide the nursing process in the effective delivery of nursing care.
C. encourage the use of scientific inquiry when planning client care.
D. focus on future research related to nursing care. - CORRECT ANSWER guide the nursing process in the effective delivery of nursing care.
The theoretic models that have been conceptualized to guide nursing actions, interventions, and implementation have improved the nursing process. Although research is a process encouraged by a theory, it is not the primary benefit. The scientific process is used to help develop the theory. Theory is based on knowledge.
The primary reason nurses engage in research is to:
A. achieve equal status with other health care sciences.
B. provide the most appropriate evidence-based client care.
C. advance the profession of nursing in the eyes of the public.
D. collaborate with other members of the science community. - CORRECT ANSWER provide the most appropriate evidence-based client care.
The main outcome of a research activity for a nurse is to put the knowledge gained to work in health care delivery. Although engaging in research may achieve the other outcomes, they are not the primary reason behind nursing research.
f a nursing research project strives to discover new information concerning client care practices, this project is said to be a model of:
A. quantitative design.
B. qualitative design.
C. a pilot study.
D. triangulation. - CORRECT ANSWER qualitative design.
Qualitative research is designed for discovery rather than verification. It is used to explore little-known or ambiguous phenomena. The most common intent of quantitative study is to apply or generalize knowledge from a smaller sample of subjects to a larger population. A pilot study is a small-scale study used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a planned large-scale study. Triangulation is the use of various research methods or different data collection techniques in the same study.
When researching an aspect of human grief response, the nurse researcher will likely select which method of qualitative design?
A. Ethnography
B. Meta-analysis
C. Phenomenology
D. Needs assessment - CORRECT ANSWER Phenomenology
Phenomenology is designed to provide understanding of the participants' "lived experience." This method is a valuable approach for studying intangible experiences, such as grief, hope, and risk taking. Ethnography is a method used to study phenomena from a cultural perspective. Ethnographers spend time in the cultural setting with the research participants to observe and better understand their experience. Meta-analysis synthesizes quantitative data from multiple similar studies, thus enlarging the power of the results and allowing more confident generalizations than a single study. Needs assessments is a quantitative design used to determine what is most beneficial to a specific aggregate group. This design can be used by organizations, communities, or groups to establish priorities for their respective client groups
Regarding nursing research, the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is best utilized when:
A. recruiting participants for specific studies.
B. identifying clinical care problems.
C. designing research studies.
D. collecting research data. - CORRECT ANSWER designing research studies
The CNS is in an ideal position to link research to practice by assessing an agency's readiness for research utilization, consulting with staff to identify clinical problems, and helping staff to discover, implement, and evaluate findings that improve health care delivery. The other roles are those assumed by a clinical nurse researcher who is a doctorally prepared nurse with clinical and research experience.
A novice nurse reading a research article should first concentrate on which sections of the article?
A. Abstract and discussion
B. Study design and methods
C. Future implications and acknowledgment
D. Introduction and results - CORRECT ANSWER Abstract and discussion
The abstract section of the article gives an overview of the study, and the discussion section offers suggestions for nursing practice based on the findings of the research study. These two sections often are the easiest for the novice to interpret. The remaining sections can be confusing, and consulting a CNR to help interpret results is suggested. [Show Less]