What are the action options and response objectives? - ANSWER-Offensive
Defensive
Nonintervention
What are the action options and response objectives
... [Show More] based on? - ANSWER-Estimated outcomes
Stage of Incident
Strategic goals (stopping the event now occurring, keep future events from occurring)
What are the basic principles to apply to action options and response objectives? - ANSWER-one cannot influence events that have already happened or change the outcomes of those events
the earlier that the event sequence can be interrupted the more acceptable the loss
What steps should be taken when determining the response objectives? - ANSWER-estimate the exposures that could be saved
determine the response objectives
decisions should focus on changing the actions of the stressors, the containment system, the hazardous material
What are the different changes applied stress? - ANSWER-move stressor
move the stressed system
shield stressed system
What are the different change breach size - ANSWER-chill contents
limit stress levels
activate venting devices
mechanical repair
What are the different change quantity released? - ANSWER-change container position
minimize pressure differential
cap off breach
remove contents
What are the different change size of the danger zone? - ANSWER-barriers (dikes and dams)
adsorbents
absorbents
diluents
reactants
overpack
what are the different change exposures contracted? - ANSWER-provide sheltering
begin evacuation
PPE
What are the different change severity of harm? - ANSWER-rinse off contamination
increase distance from source
provide shielding
provide prompt medical attention
When to use Level A protection? - ANSWER-when the greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required. (consists of fully encapsulated suit and SCBA)
What are the conditions for a Level A protection? - ANSWER-when materials have a high concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases, or particles, or site operations and work functions involve a high potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors, gases, or particles that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through intact skin, or unknown hazard
When to use Level B protection? - ANSWER-when the highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed. (SCBA, hooded chemical resistant clothing)
What are the conditions for Level B protection? - ANSWER-when the type and atmospheric concentration of substance have been identified and require a high level of respiration but less skin protection
when the atmosphere contains less than 19.5 oxygen
when the presence of incompletely identified vapors or gases is indicated but are known not to contain high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through intact skin
when the presence of liquids or particles is indicated but they are not to contain high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or being absorbed through intact skin
When to use Level C protection? - ANSWER-when the concentration and types of airborne substances are known and the criteria for using an APR are met. (level B suit with APR)
What are the conditions for Level C protection? - ANSWER-when the atmosphere contaminants, liquid splashes or other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin
when the type of air contaminants have been identified, concentrations have been measured, and an APR with appropriate filter is available that can remove the contaminants
when all APR requirements have been met
when atmospheric concentration of chemicals must not exceed IDLH levels and there is at least 19.5% oxygen is available
When to choose Level D protection? - ANSWER-when the atmosphere contains no known hazard
What are the conditions to be me for Level D protection? - ANSWER-work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals
used for nuisance contamination only and not used in any exclusion zone
atmospheric concentration of chemicals must not exceed IDLH levels, and there is at least 19.5% oxygen is available
What are the thermal PPE? - ANSWER-Fire entry suits
proximity suits
undergarments
specialized PPE
what are the radiological PPE? - ANSWER-lead aprons
specialized PPE (TYCHEM/TYVEC)
What are the asphyxiating PPE? - ANSWER-Level A, B, C
(SCBA, SAR)
What are the chemical (liquid and vapor) PPE? - ANSWER-Level A, B, C
(TYCHEM/TYVEC, JLIST, protective masks)
What are the etiological/biological PPE? - ANSWER-Level C (TYCHEM/TYVEC)
What are the mechanical PPE? - ANSWER-specialized PPE (KEVLAR technology)
What are the reasons that make selection of PPE difficult? - ANSWER-chemicals that haven't been tested with garments
there is a mixture of 2 or more chemicals
chemicals cannot be readily identified
extreme environmental conditions (hot temps)
lack of data in all clothing components
What are the advantages/disadvantages of SCBA? - ANSWER-primary type for fire fighters
does not restrict mobility
provides highest level of protection
provides 30 to 60 minutes of air
What are the advantages/disadvantages of positive air line respirators or SAR? - ANSWER-are lighter than SCBA
provides user with unlimited supply of air
restricts users travel to 300'
the path traveled must be kept clear of obstruction
must wear an escape (egress) system
How long does the escape unit give? - ANSWER-5 or 10 minutes
When should you use an APR? - ANSWER-only in an environment that contains enough oxygen to sustain life
only when the hazard and concentrations is known and levels are within the limits of the filters being used
also increases users mobility do to lack of cylinder or backpack
What should be considered in the process for selecting the proper respiratory protection? - ANSWER-name of chemical (MSDS, CHEMTREC, shipping papers, ERG)
concentration (IDLH, oxygen, monitoring equipment)
hazard (MSDS, CHEMTREC, ERG, NIOSH)
expected exposure (type of exposure, splash, vapors, corrosive)
OSHA requirements (SCBA until material has been identified or levels of concentration measured)
What are the factors to be considered when selecting proper chemical protective clothing? - ANSWER-one type cannot satisfy all protection needs for every incident
risk assessment (id the hazard, specific tasks to be performed, compliance with instruction and limitations provided by manufacturer, understand the the consequence, determine the risk)
selection factors (overall suit integrity, materials chemical resistance, materials physical properties, design features, service life, potential of exposures, known hazards, cost)
What are the 2 types degradation? - ANSWER-chemical or physical
what is physical degradation? - ANSWER-weakening or destruction of material caused by rubbing against rough surfaces or leaning/brushing against sharp objects
what is chemical degradation? - ANSWER-the weakening of material by exposure to chemicals, can be minimized by avoiding contact with chemical and by going through decontamination
what are the indications of degradation? - ANSWER-stiffness or excess pliability
tears cuts or abrasions
damage to zippers or closures
soft, sticky areas
What is penetration? - ANSWER-the movement of a chemical through the suit's closures, cracks, or tears, includes zippers, buttonholes, seams, flaps
What is permeation? - ANSWER-the process by which a hazardous material moves through a given material on the molecular level, exposing the responder to contamination
What is the NFPA 1991? - ANSWER-standard on vapor protective suits on garments permeation resistance for 3 hours
What is the NFPA 1992? - ANSWER-standard on liquid splash protective suits on garments permeation resistance for 1 hour
What is the NFPA 1994? - ANSWER-standard on protective ensembles for first responders to CBRN terrorism incidents on garments permeation resistance against specific chemicals for 1 hour
What is the Type1 protection? - ANSWER-a fully encapsulated, vapor protecting suit worn with a SCBA on the inside
What are the advantages of Level 1? - ANSWER-protection offers responders the maximum level of protection
What are the disadvantages of level 1? - ANSWER-potential heat exposure
communication
visibility
mobility (materials must be compatible to the materials in involved)
What is the Type 2 protection? - ANSWER-a nonencapsulating suit with SCBA worn on the outside
What are the advantages of the Level 2? - ANSWER-provides more comfort, mobility, allows air bottle to be exchanged more easily
facepiece serves as an effective barrier against chemical permeation for respiratory protection depending on the compatibility
What are the disadvantages of the level 2? - ANSWER-potential heat exposure
communication
visibility
mobility
What is type 3 protection? - ANSWER-is a fully encapsulated suit with a SAR
What are the disadvantages of the level 3? - ANSWER-length of the hose line up to 300'
potential tripping hazard
restricted maneuverability
requirement of emergency air source (escape unit)
What are the different types of heat exchange unit? - ANSWER-air cooled
ice cooled
water cooled
phase change cooling technology
What are the advantages of air cooled? - ANSWER-cools the entire body
What are the disadvantages of air cooled - ANSWER-requires an air line
large quantities of breathable air
What are the advantages of ice cooled? - ANSWER-relatively inexpensive
lightweight
improve worker comfort
decrease lens fogging
user friendly
What are the disadvantages of ice cooled? - ANSWER-coolant packs add additional bulk and weight
requires an ice source at the scene [Show Less]