What word would describe a chemical's ability to remain in the environment? - ANSWER-Persistence
What are the components that make up the "reactivity
... [Show More] triangle"? - ANSWER-Oxidizing agent (oxygen), activation energy (heat), reducing agent (fuel)
In this type of breach a container breaks into 2 or more (usually large) pieces. - ANSWER-Runway Cracking
A Hazmat PPE that is one piece and protects against splashes, vapors, and gases: - ANSWER-Encapsulating Suit
Numbers for Hazmat incidents - ANSWER-White pages (back of ERG)
The Geiger Counters are activated! What kind of a WMD incident are you dealing with? - ANSWER-Nuclear Attack
What are the types of WMD incidents or "attacks"? - ANSWER-CBRNE
(Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, etiological)
The maximum concentration to which an employee may be exposed at any time, even instantaneously, as established by OSHA is: - ANSWER-PEL-C
Permissible Exposure Limit/ceiling limit
What are Geiger Counters? - ANSWER-Monitoring devices used to detect radiation
What types of containers are usually associated with Runway Cracking? - ANSWER-Closed containers such as drums, tank cars, cylinders
What is the term used for when a container suffers a general loss of integrity such as a glass bottle shattering or a grenade exploding? - ANSWER-Disintegration
When mechanical stress comes into contact with a container (such as forklifts puncturing drums) it is what type of breach? - ANSWER-A puncture
When a seam fails (welded seam on a tank/ drum or a seam on a bag of fertilizer rips) it is this kind of breach: - ANSWER-A split or tear
What is it called when a container is stressed beyond the limits of its design strength or ability to hold its contents and it opens and releases those contents - ANSWER-A breach
What is the term that expresses the percentage of material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature? - ANSWER-Solubility
What does solubility affect? - ANSWER-If or how well a substance mixes with water
What term describes the degree/readiness to which 2 or more gases/liquids are able to mix with/dissolve into each other? - ANSWER-Miscibility
What are the degrees of solubility? - ANSWER-•Negligible (insoluble- >0.1%)
•Slight (slightly soluble- 0.1 to 1%)
•Moderate (moderately soluble- 1 to 10%)
•Appreciable (partly soluble- 10 to 25%)
•Completely (soluble- 25 to 100%)
What is it called when a substance changes directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between? - ANSWER-Sublimation (think dry ice)
What is the process of soaking up liquid contaminants? (Think of a sponge) - ANSWER-Absorption
What is it called when a hazardous liquid interacts with/binds to a sorbent material? (Think of charcoal-ingest yucky bad stuff, it can bind to charcoal in the stomach) - ANSWER-Adsorption
The term for using water to flush contaminants from contaminated victims/objects and bring water- soluble hazardous materials to safe levels: - ANSWER-Dilution
When removing threatening contaminants from a victim as quickly as possible: - ANSWER-Emergency decon
When using chemical/physical methods to thoroughly remove/neutralize contaminants from responders PPE and equipment: - ANSWER-Technical decon
Single or several repeated exposures to a substance within a short time period - ANSWER-Acute (think "a cute" as in "a cute lil puppy" to relate it to an exposure within a "short, little" time period. Such "a cute" lil exposure!)
Long-term, reoccurring exposures - ANSWER-Chronic
Hazardous materials hazards include: - ANSWER-TRACEM
•Thermal
•Radiological
•Asphyxiation
•Chemical
•Etiological/biological (viruses, bacteria)
•Mechanical (trauma- direct contact with object)
What are the types of radiation? - ANSWER-Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron
Energetic, positively charged particles- blocked by outer layer of skin - ANSWER-Alpha particles
Fast moving, positively or negatively charged electrons- blocked by clothing - ANSWER-Beta particles
High-energy photons that have no charge or mass- blocked by 2ft of concrete - ANSWER-Gamma rays
Ultrahigh energy particles- physical mass- no electrical charge- highly penetrating - ANSWER-Neutrons
Exposure vs. Contaminated - ANSWER-Exposure: contaminant is in your vicinity, it is near you
Contaminated: you have inhaled, ingested contaminated or it is physically on your body
Substances that affect the oxygenation of the body leading to suffocation are called: - ANSWER-Asphyxiants
•Simple: displace oxygen
•Chemical: prohibit body from using oxygen
Toxins and their target organs - ANSWER-•Nephrotoxins-kidney
•Hemotoxins-blood
•Neurotoxins-nervous system
•Hepatoxins-liver
•Immunotoxins-immune system
•Endocrine toxins- pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, testes, etc.
•Musculoskeletal- muscles/ bones
•Respiratory toxins- lungs
•Cutaneous hazards- skin
•Eye hazards- eyes
•Mutagens- DNA
•Teratogens-embryo/fetus
•Carcinogens- all
Used to express the corrosivity of acids and bases - ANSWER-pH scale
•0-6: acids (hydrofluoric acid, orange juice, milk)
•7: neutral (distilled water)
•8-14: bases (seawater, ammonia, sodium hydroxide)
Any chemical that ionizes (breaks down) to yield hydrogen ions in water - ANSWER-Acids
Water- soluble compound that breaks apart in water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion - ANSWER-Base
What are the 4 hazards caused by an explosion? - ANSWER-•Blast-pressure wave: shock wave that travels outward from center
•Shrapnel fragmentation: small pieces of debris thrown from a container that ruptures
•Seismic effect: earth vibration (similar to an earthquake)
•Incendiary thermal effect: thermal heat energy(fireball)
This law created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries - ANSWER-CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
☆AKA: Superfund Act
When do the majority of Hazmat transportation incidents take place? - ANSWER-Highway
Which method of transportation moves the greatest quantity of hazardous goods? - ANSWER-Railway
What are the ways container types can be classified? - ANSWER-•Bulk/nonbulk
•Pressure/nonpressure
•Bulk-capacity fixed/transportation packaging
What 2 categories are above-ground storage tanks divided into? - ANSWER-•Nonpressure tanks
(Up to 0.5 psi)
•Pressure tanks
-Low-pressure (0.5-15. psi)
-Pressure (above 15 psi)
What are the 3 most common types of bulk transportation containers? - ANSWER-•Tank cars (railroad)
•Cargo tank trucks (highway)
•Intermodal (highway, railroad, marine vessel)
What 3 categories are tank cars divided into? - ANSWER-•Low-pressure: vapor pressures below 25 psi (flammable liquids/solids, reactive liquids/solids, oxidizers, poisons, corrosives)
•Pressure: greater than 25 psi ([non]flammable poisonous gas, flammable liquids, liquidity compressed gas)
•Cryogenic liquid: below 25 psi refrigerated liquids
What is the difference between a bulk cargo carrier and a break bulk carrier? - ANSWER-•Bulk: liquid or dry- loaded as one large unit
•Break bulk: carries a wide range of products- loaded separately/multiple ways
What are some common types of nonbulk packaging? - ANSWER-Bags
Carboys/jerry cans
Cylinders
Drums
Dewar flasks (Cryogenic liquids)
What are the 9 hazard classes? - ANSWER-Every good fire fighter owns performance race cars maybe
1: explosives
2: gases
3: flammable liquids
4: flammable solids
5: oxidizers
6: poisons
7: radioactive
8: corrosives
9: misc.
What are the 4 signal words seen on hazardous materials labels? - ANSWER-In order from least to most hazardous:
•caution
•warning
•danger
•toxic/poison
What markings will you find on North American railroad tank cars? - ANSWER-•Reporting Marks (initials/numbers): may be used to get info about cars contents
•Capacity stencil: shows the volume of the tank car
•Specification marking: indicates standards to which the tank car was built
What do the colors/markings represent on the NFPA 704 identification system? - ANSWER-•Numbers: 0-4 (0=minimal hazard, 4=severe hazard)
•Red (12 o'clock): flammability
•Yellow (3 o'clock): instability
•Blue (9 o'clock): health
•White (6 o'clock): special hazards (unusual reactivity with water OR oxidizer)
What are the names of shipping papers (based on mode of transportation) and location of said papers? - ANSWER-Air Bill:
-air (cockpit)
Bill of Lading:
-highway (vehicle cab)
Trainlist/Consist:
-rail (engine/caboose)
Dangerous Cargo Manifest:
-water (bridge/pilot house)
What do the different colored pages in the ERG represent? - ANSWER-Yellow: hazmat numbers
Blue: hazmat names
Orange: guide
Green: TIH (toxic inhalation hazards)
White: emergency #'s, identification charts, other info
What is the minimum temperature at which a material gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain combustion called? - ANSWER-Flash point
What is the term used to describe the temperature at which a material gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning? - ANSWER-Fire point
The minimum temperature to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self- sustained combustion without an outside ignition source is called... - ANSWER-The autoignition temperature
The lowest concentration of a substance in air that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is introduced is called... - ANSWER-(LEL) lower explosive limit
The highest concentration of a substance in air that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is introduced is called... - ANSWER-(UEL) upper explosive limit
What is the term used to describe the pressure that is produced/ exerted by the vapors released by a liquid? - ANSWER-Vapor pressure [Show Less]