What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes?
12-20 breaths per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95%
What are the
... [Show More] complications of hyperventilation?
Leads to carbon dioxide blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain
What is dyspnea?
difficulty breathing
What is nocturnal dyspnea?
Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep
Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic Bronchitis / high pitched
Wheezes
Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles
Crackles
Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration
Stridor
Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched
Rhonchi
Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate pumping of the heart
Congestive heart failure
Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as
COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and caused by rub on internal surfaces
Tension pneumothorax
Tachycardia is?
High heart rate
Bradycardia is?
Low heart rate
What is hyperventilation?
Increased depth and rate of breathing
What is hypoxic drive?
It is a backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall. Secondary drive
What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes?
A buildup of mucus in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma
What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
Where are beta 2 receptors located?
Lungs
What do beta 2 receptors do?
Stimulate bronchioles to dilate
Where are beta 1 receptors located?
heart
What do beta 1 receptors do?
increase heart rate
How many lobes are in the lungs
5 (3 right, 2 left)
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths/min
What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food
pharynx
What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords
larynx
What is the most common location for an airway obstruction
pharynx
What ring shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx
cricoid cartilage
What is the name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs
trachea
What area is directly posterior to the mouth?
oropharynx
What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
What is directly posterior to the nose
nasopharynx
What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation
contracts
What leaf shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea
epiglottis
What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split
carina
Where is Sellick's maneuver applied?
cricoid cartilage
What are the small sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange
alveoli
An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device should you use to administer oxygen?
Bag valve mask
A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do?
Begin chest compressions
What is the normal breath per minute for an adult
12-20
An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She can only speak in 2 to 3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do?
Apply high-flow oxygen
The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing?
labored
What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration?
Wheezing
How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway
face the bevel towards the septum
What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway
bronchi
A 52 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times a minute. What should you suspect?
Respiratory failure
A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P124, R28 shallow and labored. What should you do?
Assist his ventilations
An 82 year old female complains or difficulty breathing. Before you assist he with the inhaler, who will you need permission from?
Online medical control
What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult
350mL
What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are responsible for gas exchange
Alveoli
A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you expect?
Chronic bronchitis
An 18 year old male is cyanosis and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are Bp110/66, P88, R22. What is the most likely cause?
Spontaneous phnemothorax
An febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up "rusty" septum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause?
Pneumonia
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway
stridor
A 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What should you expect
Pulmonary embolism
A 64 year old male is not breathing. What should you do after initiating ventilations with a bag valve mask
Look for rise and fall of the chest
A 77 year old female has dyspnea, speaks in short word bursts, and breaths with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are 152/90, P86 and irregular, R23. What should you expect
Emphysema [Show Less]