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Bundle of FISDAP airways exam 2023 (A+ content)
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FISDAP 1 Airway Management questions and answers A+ test
Methods for opening obstructed airway A. Use Head tilt Chin Lift (PT must NOT have spinal injury.) B. Jaw Thrust (PT HAS spinal injury) C. Cross Finger ... [Show More] is another ex Techniques for suctioning the air way A. Turn suctioning device on, press down on the tube to make sure suctioning is higher then 300 mm Hg. B. Measure Catheter from (Mouth to edge of Earlobe) or ( or PT Jaw Line) C. Turn PT on side before suctioning. D. Do not Suction Patient as You insert Catheter. E. Suction on the Way out of patients mouth. Make sure to do this in a circular motion. F. DO NOT suction an Adult more then 15 Seconds Signs and Symptoms of an Upper Airway Obstruction A. Relaxation of the tongue B. High Pitched Sounds Wheezing C. Infection of the Upper Airway Respiratory assessment techniques A. Use (ABC's) Airway, Breathing, Circulation, B. Look for Signs and Symptoms of Shortness of Breath C. Auscultation of the Lungs Common causes of an Obstructed Airway A. Tongue B. Foreign Objects C. Can't Cough Sounds Associated with Auscultating Breath Sounds A. Vesicular Breath Sounds B. Bronchial Breath Sounds C. Adventitious Breath Sounds D. Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crackles, Stridor, Low or absent Breath Sounds Techniques for clearing A Foreign Body Airway Obstruction ... Medical Terminology for various Respiratory Patterns A. Cheyne-Stokes Breathing B. Ataxic Respirations C. Kussmaul Respirations D. Axtaxic Respirations [Show Less]
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FISDAP: Airway, Respiratory, and Ventilation 100% accurate answers
subcutaneous emphysema the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue (crackling under the skin, swelling and bruising around neck, sore throat/wheezing,... [Show More] can indicate pneumothorax) traumatic asphyxia intense compression of the thoracic cavity, causing venous back-flow from the right side of the heart into the veins of the neck and the brain (ex. motor vehicle accidents, industrial and farming accidents; swelling of face/neck; cyanosis, distended neck vein; subconjunctival bleeding in eyes; small spot-like hemorrhages) pulmonary edema excessive fluid in the lungs (caused by: CHF, burns, drowning, blood stops pumping through the body; EXTREME SOB, dyspnea; feeling of suffocation, wheezing; cold clammy skin; coughing up pink frothy sputum; can indicate CHF, renal failure, fluid overload; low sats; may need CPAP or intubation) COPD disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform the function of ventilation (similar umbrella terms: emphysema, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis) (cause: smoking; most likely elderly or someone that needs O2 on the daily; SOB, wheezing; chest tightness; chronic cough that might produce sputum; unintended weight loss; barrel chest; may tripod breath; sats run lower all the time; be careful giving too much oxygen -- may kill their respiratory drive and cause them to stop breathing -- but never withhold oxygen if respiratory distress is happening) asthma narrowing of airway, swells, and produce extra mucus (troubled breathing after exertion; wheezing: especially inspiratory; most likely will have history of asthma; ask about activities before exercise, smokey room, allergens; ASSIST METERED DOSE INHALER) chronic bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes (cough with mucus/productive cough; SOB, wheezing; chest tightness; low fever; albuterol to help break up mucus) emphysema gradually damages the alveoli in lungs (caused by smoking, SOB, most likely elderly or someone that needs O2 on the daily; lung sounds are distant and clear) pneumonia acute infection of the lung, alveolar spaces (PRODUCTIVE COUGH, coarse rhonchi; chest pain, SOB different than normal; pale skin color and warm to touch; may need cpap or intubation) cystic fibrosis affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices (cough sputum -- clear; LIGHT COATING OF SMALL CRYSTALLINE GRANULES; sweat test to diagnose; also cause problems with absorption in digestion, pt may have weight loss; respiratory tx.) tension pneumothorax collapse of the lung (sudden chest pain; SOB, tachypnea; tachycardia, fatigue; faint heart sounds; unequal breath sounds; JVD; late sign: tracheal deviation; TREATMENT: high-flow oxygen via NRB and transport; paramedic needle decompression) pulmonary embolism occurs when a foreign object gets wedged into an artery in your lung (pinpoint pain to left/right side of chest; dyspnea; sudden onset; cyanosis, low spO2; anything that can cause abnormal clotting -- like getting off blood thinners after surgery or having hip replaced -- also heart arrthymias like history of afib; TREATMENT: rapid transport) acute myocardial infarction tight chest, SOB; sweating, nausea, vomiting atelectasis alveoli collapse epiglottitis inflammation of the epiglottis (sore throat and drooling; stridor; pink skin and hot to touch-infection; emergency; give O2) severe acute respiratory syndrome high fever, dyspnea, cpap respiratory failure for an adult, nasal flaring; hoarseness, coughing; sternal retractions; belly and chest move in opposite directions cheyne stokes' respirations progressively increased tidal volume, separated by periods of apnea at the end of expiration, typically seen in older patients (associated with brainstem insult, sign death is close) kussmaul's respirations deep rapid breaths that result as a corrective measure against conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis/metabolic acidosis; need bicarb to reverse acidosis snoring upper airway is partially obstructed, usually by tongue (use head-tilt, shin-lift/jaw thrust) stridor harsh high pitched sound heard on inspiration and characteristic of an upper airway obstruction like croup (croup, epiglottitis; airway closing) wheezing whistling sound due to narrowing of the airways by edema, bronchoconstriction, or foreign materials (constriction/inflammation in the bronchus; asthma, COPD, CHF < pneumonia, bronchitis, anaphylaxis) rhonchi rattling sounds in the large airways associated with excessive mucus/other material (fluid movement heard on inspiration) (COPD, pneumonia, bronchitis; crackles/rales: fine moist crackling sounds associated with fluid in the smaller airways; CHF, pneumonia, pulmonary edema) agonal gasps slow, shallow, irregular gasping breath indication of npa relief upper airway obstruction, alternative for opa, semiconscious, NEVER use with any head, face, mouth injuries indication of opa unconscious, any risk of airway obstruction like relaxed upper airway muscles, REMOVE WHEN GAG REFLEX IS PRESENT, meausre from the center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw, AVPU of U only suction when they're unconscious and/or have something in their mouth (blood/vomit) if the answer option is given, then roll/tilt backboard to the side no more than 15 seconds; ex. GURGLING RESPIRATIONS WITH BLEEDING INTO THROAT bvm/assist with ventilation when respirations are shallow, R=0, intercostal retractions, can't breath on their own (should give an average 500mL while ventilating an adult patient (mimics normal air inspired during single inhalation); "severely" SOB; coughing pink frothy sputum, pedal edema, crackles = BVM; pt is months old, unresponsive, low pulse, low R and labored, in shock = BVM; if BVM fails, reposition airway and ventilate again) nrb mask when they are able to: breath on their own; dyspnea, tripod position; acute respiratory distress; tachypnea with clear equal breath sounds % air given by... pocket mask on room air gives 17% O2 room air itself gives 21% mouth to mouth ventilations 16% jaw thrust with suspected cervical/spinal injury VS head-tilt chin-lift anytime you want to open airway W/O any cervical/spinal injury (reposition airway, jaw, etc. if there's inadequate chest rise during ventilation) CHECK CAROTID PULSE BEFORE COMPRESSIONS!!! (just a reminder?) stoma pediatric sized BVM over the stoma and ventilate normal breathing rates adults: 12-20 bpm infants (0-1 yr): 30-60 bpm toddler (1-3 yr): 24-40 bpm (4-5 yrs): 22-34 bpm (6-12 yrs): 18-30 bpm LOOK AT DANGEROUS VITAL SIGNS! if r = 0, OPEN AIRWAY assessing breathing w/ unconscious patient; look for chest rise and fall leading cause of infant and child death RESPIRATORY ARREST position conscious, bleeding through nose/mouth, sit up and lean forward choking if coughing, encourage to cough; no cough, but conscious: 5 ABDOMINAL THRUST; if pregnant, use CHEST THRUSTS abdominal thrust partial airway obstruction, drooling, leaning forward, stridor [Show Less]
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Fisdap/NREMT Respiratory Practice Questions 100% correct answers
Where does the stimulus to breathe originate? A) spinal cord B) diaphragm C) heart D) brainstem D) brainstem What is the proper way to measure ... [Show More] an oropharyngeal airway? A) the nose to the xiphoid process B) from the center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw C) from the tip of the nose to the lobe of the ear D) by the size of the patient's thumb B) from the center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw During respiration, where does the process of gas exchange occur? A) trachea B) alveoli C) epiglottis D) bronchioles B) alveoli A conscious 32 y/o patient complains of difficulty breathing. He is coughing while pointing to his throat. What should you do? A) give four strong blows to the back B) place him supine and begin CPR C) encourage him to keep coughing D) administer abdominal thrusts C) encourage him to keep coughing A 34 y/o female has fallen from a height of 10 feet. She is unresponsive with snoring respirations. What should you do? A) use the jaw-thrust maneuver B) support her head and neck with a rolled towel C) attempt the chin lift maneuver D) apply a certerm-5vical collar A) use the jaw-thrust maneuver How much oxygen will a pocket mask on room air deliver? A) 92% B) 17% C) 10% D) 23% B) 17% An unresponsive 44 y/o male has an oral airway and is being ventilated. He suddenly regains consciousness and starts to gag. What should you do? A) insert a nasal airway B) request ALS to sedate the patient C) remove the airway and apply high-flow oxygterm-5en D) suction the airway and leave the adjunct in place C) remove the airway and apply high-flow oxygen Which of the following is a musical, squeaking or whistling sound heard on inspiration and expiration while auscultatingterm-67 lung fields? A) gurgling B) snoring C) stridor D) wheezing D) wheezing A 29 y/o male crashed his motorcycle. He is unconscious and the lower portion of his jaw is torn from his face. He has gurgling respirations with bleeding into the throat. What should you do? A) insert an OPA B) perform a head tilt-chin lift and apply a nonrebreather mask C) apply a nasal cannula and suction as needed D) apply a c-collar and administer blow-by oxygen C) apply NC and suction as needed An OPA is used to lift the tongue and requires supporting structures of the jaw, so an OPA would be ineffective for this patient. Oxygen should be administered, however, and the NC will provide greater concentration than any of the other listed methods. You find a patient in the tripod position. What should you suspect? A) a cardiac emergency B) GI distress C) respiratory distress D) a TIA C) respiratory distress A 54 y/o female is unresponsive and lying supine on the floor. What should you do? A) obtain a set of vital signs B) insert an oral airway C) start CPR D) check for a carotid pulse D) check for a carotid pulse What is the leading cause of infant and child death? A) congenital defects B) vascular stenosis C) allergic reactions D) respiratory arrest D) respiratory arrest What is the normal rate of breathing for an adult? A) 28-36 breaths/min B) 6-10 breaths/min C) 22-26 breaths/min D) 12-20 breaths/min D) 12-20 breaths/min What is the coarse sound of fluid movement heard on inspiration called? A) rhonchi B) snoring C) crackles D) gurgling A) rhonchi What is the area where the base of the tongue and the epiglottis meet called? A) vallecula B) alveoli C) carina D) bronchi A) vallecula A 57 y/o female is found unresponsive in bed. How should you assess her breathing? A) look for chest rise and fall B) apply oxygen via NRB C) apply a pulse oximetry monitor D) look for changes in skin color A) look for chest rise and fall Which tissues create the greatest surface area for gas exchange in the lungs? A) trachea B) bronchioles C) alveoli D) pleura C) alveoli A 4 y/o male is choking on a marble. He is coughing and drooling. What should you do? A) perform 5 abdominal thrusts B) perform 5 back blows C) visualize and remove the marble D) coach him to cough D) coach him to cough Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems? A) trachea B) esophagus C) cricoid cartilage D) pharynx D) pharynx When providing mouth-to-mouth ventilations, what percentage of oxygen are you providing? A) 35 B) 100 C) 21 D) 16 D) 16 The air that we exhale contains approximately how much oxygen? A) 6% B) 21% C) 35% D) 16% D) 16% A 20 y/o male was involved in a motorcycle accident. He has bits of broken teeth and blood in his airway. After 10 seconds of suctioning his mouth there is still active bleeding. What should you do? A) insert a roll of gauze to soak up the blood B) give two rescue breaths C) roll him onto his side D) remove the pieces of teeth with a finger sweep C) roll him onto his side A patient should not be suctioned for longer than 10 seconds. If you have been suctioning for longer than 10 seconds, you should pause and administer two rescue breaths before resuming suction. A 22 y/o intoxicated male responds to voice by moaning. You note vomit in his airway. What should you do? A) suction the mouth B) insert a nasal airway C) turn the patient on his side D) manually stabilize c-spine A) suction the mouth A 24 y/o male is lying supine and is unresponsive. You have opened his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver and determined that he is apneic with a bradycardic pulse. You attempt to ventilate, but are unsuccessful. What should you do? A) check for a carotid pulse B) begin continuous chest compressions C) reposition the airway and give two ventilations D) attempt to give 2 more forceful ventilations C) reposition the airway and give two ventilations What is the name of the tracheal ring that sits directly inferior to the larynx? A) cuneiform cartilage B) corniculate cartilage C) thyroid cartilage d) cricoid cartilage d) cricoid cartilage Which structure contains the vocal cords? A) larynx B) trachea C) pharynx D) sternum A) larynx How much air is inspired during a single inhalation? A) 200 mL B) 150 mL C) 500 mL D) 750 mL C) 500 mL A 33 y/o male has respirations of 22 breaths/min. How should you administer oxygen to him? A) NRB at 15 L/min B) simple rebreather mask at 4 L/min C) BVM at 8 L/min D) Venturi mask at 8 L/min A) NRB at 15 L/min What is the normal TV in an adult male? A) 1000 mL B) 350 mL C) 750 mL D) 500 mL D) 500 mL An unresponsive 64 y/o male has a stoma. He is supine and apneic. What should you do? A) assist his ventilations with an adult BVM and cover the stoma B) place a pediatric-sized BVM over the stoma and ventilate C) obtain a set of vitals and place an AED D) apply a c-collar and perform a jaw thrust maneuver B) place a pediatric-sized BVM over the stoma and ventilate A stoma is an artificial opening used as an airway. They can create a unique challenge when ventilating a patient. You should place a smaller size mask over the opening and attempt to ventilate. These airways often become clogged with mucus. Prepare to suction as needed. What is the name of the smooth, moist epithelial layer that covers the lungs? A) parietal peritoneum B) visceral pleura C) visceral peritoneum D) parietal pleura B) visceral pleura Why is it important to avoid touching the back of the throat when suctioning? A) it causes the upper airway to spasm uncontrollably B) it will cause contamination of the catheter C) tachycardia can occur due to vagus nerve stimulation D) it can stimulate the gag reflex and cause vomiting D) it can stimulate the gag reflex and cause vomiting Room air contains what percentage of oxygen? A) 21 B) 100 C) 36 D) 10 A) 21 A 7 y/o boy is found supine at the base of a 15 foot high jungle gym. His teacher is unsure if he fell from the equipment. Vital signs are BP 100/90, RR 0, pulse 42 bpm, SpO2 93%. What should you do? A) open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver B) start CPR C) insert an OPA D) open his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver A) open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver The patient is not breathing, so you first need to ensure that he has an open airway. The jaw thrust would be most appropriate to reposition his airway because you cannot be sure that the patient did not fall from the playground equipment and sustain a c-spine injury. It might also be appropriate to insert an OPA, but the airway should be repositioned first. A 36 y/o male complains of a sore throat with drooling. He is having difficulty breathing with stridor. His skin is pink and hot to the touch. What should you suspect? A) pneumonia B) bronchitis C) epiglottitis D) tonsillitis C) epiglottitis What is oxygen deficiency in the body called? A) hypoxemia B) hyperoxia C) hypoxia D) hypercarbia C) hypoxia An 18 y/o female with a suspected c-spine injury has a significant amount of blood in her mouth. What should you do? A) stabilize her head and suction her airway B) perform a jaw thrust and finger sweep in order to remove blood from her mouth C) perform a jaw thrust maneuver and attempt to ventilate her D) assess her RR for no longer than 30 seconds A) stabilize her head and suction her airway Which of the following is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction? A) the tongue B) trauma C) laryngeal spasm D) foreign bodies A) the tongue A 4 y/o male has snoring respirations. What should you do? A) insert an NPA B) perform a head tilt maneuver C) insert an OPA D) gently shake to wake up the patient B) perform a head tilt maneuver An 8 month old male is unresponsive to painful stimuli. Vital signs are HR 50 ppm and regular, RR 8 breaths/min and labored, and capillary refill is greater than 6 seconds. What should you do? A) apply an AED B) administer oxygen C) assist ventilations D) start CPR C) assist ventilations A 21 y/o male is having trouble catching his breath after exercising. He has a history of asthma. Vitals are BP 140/90, pulse 120 ppm, RR 22 breaths/min. Lung sounds reveal inspiratory wheezes. What should you do? A) apply an NRB B) assist his ventilations with a BVM C) assist in administration of his MDI D) apply a nasal cannula and obtain a pulse oximetry reading C) assist in administration of his MDI A 44 y/o male involved in an MVC is in respiratory distress. What is the best way to assess his breathing? A) count his respiratory rate for 10 seconds and multiply by 6 B) expose his chest and palpate while counting breaths C) reposition his head and look, listen, and feel near his face D) observe the rate as fast or slow and move on to secondary exam B) expose his chest and palpate while counting breaths A conscious 18 y/o male is bleeding profusely from his mouth. How should you position him? A) sitting up and leaning forward B) leaning back with an NPA C) lateral recumbent position with pressure dressing D) supine with knees flexed A) sitting up and leaning forward What is the name of the leaf-shaped valve that prevents food from entering the trachea? A) pharynx B) bronchi C) epiglottis D) larynx C) epiglottis A 36 y/o female begins vomiting en route to the hospital. You have rolled her on her side, but she continues to have secretions in her airway. How long should you suction her? A) until clear B) 10 seconds C) 15 seconds D) 60 seconds C) 15 seconds A 54 y/o female is in respiratory arrest and has inadequate chest rise during ventilations. What should you do? A) check for a FBAO B) assess end tidal CO2 C) reposition the jaw D) determine her SpO2 C) reposition the jaw Which is a sign of respiratory failure for an adult? A) mouth breathing B) skin is pink and dry C) breathing 16 times/min D) nasal flaring D) nasal flaring If the patient cannot speak full sentences while responding to questions, you should suspect respiratory distress or cardiac compromise. This is a very important finding especially if the patient was resting when it started. If you are suctioning emesis out of a mouth that has chunks that are too large to fit into a Yankauer, it is okay to just use the suction tubing to suction the airway. A) true B) false B) false An 18 y/o male complains of bilateral chest pain. Lung sounds reveal coarse rhonchi throughout all fields. His skin color is pale and he is warm to the touch. Vitals are BP 124/90, pulse 88 bpm, RR 16 breaths/min, SpO2 96%. What should you suspect? A) pneumonia B) emphysema C) chronic bronchitis D) pulmonary edema A) pneumonia A lethargic 22 month old male presents with hoarseness and coughing. He has sternal retractions and his belly and chest move in opposite directions with each breath. He is breathing at a rate of 64 breaths/min. What should you suspect? A) cardiopulmonary failure B) cardiopulmonary arrest C) respiratory distress D) respiratory failure D) respiratory failure Which of the following is a sign or symptom of SARS? A) rash and sore throat B) high fever and diarrhea C) dark urine and jaundice D) persistent low grade fever B) high fever and diarrhea A 56 y/o male is sitting at the kitchen table in the tripod position. What should you do? A) apply oxygen by NRB at 10-15 L/min B) give oxygen via NC at 4-6 L/min C) not intervene as long as the patient is speaking D) perform an orotracheal intubation A) apply oxygen by NRB at 10-15 L/min A 33 y/o male is unconscious after attempting to hang himself. First responders have placed him supine on the ground. Vitals are BP 70/30, pulse 46 bpm, RR 4 breaths/min and shallow. What should you do? A) start CPR B) apply a cervical collar C) assist his ventilations D) insert an oral airway C) assist his ventilations What is the expected breathing rate for a child under the age of 8? A) 5-10 breaths/min B) 40-60 breaths/min C) 10-20 breaths/min D) 20-40 breaths/min D) 20-40 breaths/min A 60 y/o female is conscious but in acute respiratory distress. Respirations are rapid with clear, equal breath sounds. What should you do? A) use NC at 2 L/min B) assist her respirations with a BVM C) insert an oral airway D) provide oxygen by NRB mask D) provide oxygen by NRB mask A 56 y/o male has intercostal retractions and is in the tripod position. Vitals are BP 116/78, pulse 90 bpm, RR 32 breaths/min. What should you do? A) apply an NRB at 15 L/min B) administer albuterol C) administer oxygen by nasal cannula D) assist his ventilations D) assist his ventilations What is a hazardous, odorless gas resulting from incomplete combustion? A) carbon monoxide B) carbon dioxide C) nitrogen D) sarin A) carbon monoxide What is the average volume that you should give while ventilating a patient using a BVM? A) 400 mL B) 550 mL C) 500 mL D) 450 mL C) 500 mL A 97 y/o small and emaciated female complains of SOB. She is in the tripod position using NC at 3 L/min. Lung sounds are distant but clear. What should you suspect? A) emphysema B) asthma C) chronic bronchitis D) allergic reaction A) emphysema Which of the following is a sign of pneumonia? A) JVD B) productive cough C) distant lung sounds D) crackles B) productive cough What condition results when the alveoli collapse? A) pneumonia B) pneumothorax C) effusion D) atelectasis D) atelectasis A 19 y/o underweight female complains of difficulty breathing. She has been coughing up clear sputum and has bilateral rhonchi. She has a light coating of small crystalline granules on her arms and legs. Her father states "this SOB is different from normal". What should you suspect? A) CF B) pneumonia C) asthma attack D) COPD exacerbation A) CF What is the most appropriate method for opening the airway of a patent with a suspected c-spine injury? A) jaw thrust B) neck lift C) head tilt-chin lift D) head tilt, jaw thrust A) jaw thrust What is the most frequent cause of upper airway obstruction in an adult? A) sputum B) tongue C) vomitus D) foreign body B) tongue A 56 y/o male complains of pinpoint pain to the left side of his chest along with difficulty breathing. He states that he recently went off his blood thinners before a hernia surgery. What should you suspect? A) acute MI B) PE C) pulmonary edema D) tension PTX B) PE A 23 y/o female is immobilized on a backboard when she starts vomiting. What should you do? A) tilt the backboard to the side B) insert an NPA C) suction using a soft tipped catheter D) provide her with an emesis bag A) tilt the backboard to the side A 43 y/o unresponsive female is slumped over in a chair. Vitals are pulse 43 bpm, RR 0 breaths/min. What should you do? A) check for a medical bracelet B) obtain a pulse oximetry reading C) apply high-flow oxygen by NRB D) assist her ventilations D) assist her ventilations What is the location of bifurcation in the trachea? A) valleculi B) alveoli C) carina D) bronchi C) carina What is the maximum flow rate for a nasal cannula? A) 2 L/min B) 8 L/min C) 12 L/min D) 6 L/min D) 6 L/min A device designed to facilitate the blind intubation of a patient. It consists of a cuffed double-lumen tube with one blind end. Inflation of the cuff allows the device to function as an endotracheal tube and closes off the esophagus, allowing ventilation and preventing reflux of gastric contents. A) nasogastric tube B) dual lumen airway C) endotracheal tube D) nonrebreather B) dual lumen airway In order to provide oxygen therapy at 100%, what should the flow rate be? A) 12-15 L/min B) 100 L/min C) 20-24 L/min D) 2-6 L/min A) 12-15 L/min What airway opening maneuver should be used on a man that has fallen off a ladder and is suffering from respiratory distress? A) head tilt-chin lift B) intubation C) bite block D) jaw thrust D) jaw thrust A device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is inhaled by the patient is known as a(n): A) nebulizer B) aero chamber C) MDI D) albuterol infuser C) MDI [Show Less]
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Fisdap Airway Concepts (Created) questions and answers A+ test
Orthopnea Dyspnea relieved by a change in position, SLEEPING UPRIGHT with pillows, usually CHF pulmonary edema problem. Apneustic breathing Charac... [Show More] terized by prolonged inspirations unrelieved by attempts to exhale, which indicates trauma to the pons. Definitive Care Care that will improve, rather than simply stabilize, a patient's condition (surgery or other care provided in a hospital) Pleural Decompression - Used to treat Tension pneumothorax: - Insert 14g needle through the 2nd/3rd intercostal space along the midclavicular line directly above the rib - "Rush of air"? - Remove needle, leave catheter, one-way flutter valve, secure catheter Indications for removal of a dual lumen airway -When gurgling is heard over the epigastrum -Pt becomes conscious -Pt is able to maintain airway -On-line medical directs you to do so Complications of ET tube placement (to name a few) - Trauma to the mouth, teeth, and upper airway - Over-inflation of the cuff may impede blood flow - Over-inflation of the lungs may cause a pneumothorax (especially pt's with other diseases eg: COPD, emphysema) - Too deep of placement may cause accidental endobronchial intubation - Esophageal placement may result in gastric distention, vomiting, and aspiration Complications of intubating a burn patient -Airway edema obstruction -Discolored or deformed landmarks -Tape may not adhere to burned skin -In peds, swelling occurs much faster Complications of hyperventilation - Lowered C02 can lead to respiratory acidosis - Barotrauma results from rapid pressure changes in the lungs (especially with pt's who have underlying lung pathology) - Pneumothorax or gastric distention which could lead to vomiting and aspiration Characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis - Genetic disease that affects mostly the lungs, but also the liver, pancreas, and kidneys - Characterized by a change in the functioning chemistry of the glands that create thicker than normal secretions which usually lead to chronic infections (typically pulmonary) - Presents similarly to COPD or pneumonia and is treated in the same way - Kids with CF may have a salty "frosting" on their skin that looks like small crystals Continuous Quantitative ETCO2 Waveforms See diagram: Oxygenation pathways All the masks, cannulas, BVM's, tubes, etc... Congestive heart failure (CHF) The failure of the heart to pump efficiently, leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, the body, or both. - Left sided pump failure leads to pulmonary edema - Right sided failure leads to pitting edema and JVD Complications of Toxic Inhalation Airway management Treatment of chemical injuries revolves around the following basic steps: 1. Remove the exposed patient from the environment. 2. Secure the airway. 3. Provide supplemental oxygen. 4. Assist with ventilation Pathophysiology of COPD Catch all term for bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma that often occur in combination from long term tobacco use or inhaled toxins. 4th leading cause of death in US. Bronchitis - has lots of mucus and enlarged cells in lungs and airways. Lots of congestion. Someone that has a productive cough for 3 months for 2 consecutive years with no definable cause. Overweight, cor pulmonale (a type of right ventricular defect) or ventricular failure. Rhonchi or wheezing present. Emphysema - long term damage by tobacco or inhaled agents causes alveolar destruction/coalescence. These are permanent. Elasticity of alveoli is decreased, volume is retained because it's hard to exhale. Blebs, or weakened areas of the large alveoli, are often present and can cause a spontaneous pneumothorax. Polycythemia (increased blood cells) almost always occurs in an attempt to increase circulating O2. barrel chest often occurs from the increased volume. Pursed lips to create back pressure in the lungs when exhaling. Clubbing of the fingers, decreased breath sounds or hyperresonant chest. If it's a new onset, patients may attribute loss of energy to old age Signs and Symptoms of a Tension Pneumothorax Hyperinflation of the affected side, Poor bag compliance, Respiratory distress, Jugular vein distention (JVD), Decreased/absent lung sounds on affected side, Tympany (hyperresonance) to percussion on the affected side, Tachycardia, S&S of shock, and Cyanosis [Show Less]
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FISDAP Airway practice questions 100% accurate answers
You arrive on the scene to discover a 65-year-old female lying on the floor of her living room. Your first step in the care of this patient is to" A. begi... [Show More] n chest compressions B. apply the AED C. maintain an open airway D. assess level of consciousness C. maintain an open airway Tidal volume is best defined as the: A. volume of air inhaled on a single breath B. volume of air that remains in the upper airway C. total volume of air that the lungs are capable of holding D. volume of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute A. volume of air inhaled on a single breath You are called to assist s SCUBA diver who is having trouble breathing. The patient states that it started approximately 15 minutes after she surfaced. She complains of chest pain, dizziness, blurred vision and nausea and vomiting. The patient is most likely suffering from: A. pneumothorax B. decompression sickness C. barotrauma D. an air embolism D. an air embolism (Any of these could be associated with dive incidents but these signs and symptoms are indicative of an air embolism. Divers who suffer from decompression sickness, or the bends, typically do not develop signs and symptoms of the bends for 12 to 24 hours after their dive. Barotrauma usually occurs as the diver is ascending or descending.) You are suctioning your patient's airway. One of the biggest side effects of suctioning is: A. hypoxia B. aspiration C. suction power D. suction catheter clogging A. hypoxia EMTs should wear high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirators when they are in contact with patients who would have which of the following? A. HIV B. TB C. open wounds D. hepatitis B B. TB You are called to assist a 60-year-old female who consists of a severe headache. Upon entering the home, you smell a strong odor of natural gas. What is your first action? A. check the patient's airway, breathing and circulation B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assess vital signs C. remove the patient from the house to your ambulance D. open all the windows and determine the source of the gas leak C. remove the patient from the house to your ambulance The air sacs in the lung where oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs are the A. bronchioles B. bronchi C. epiglottis D. alveoli D. alveoli Your unconscious patient has blood in his airway. You should: A. use a suction unit to immediately clear the airway B. apply oxygen using a nonrebreather mask at 15L/min C. use a bag-valve mask to clear the airway D. perform a finger sweep to remove the blockage A. use a suction unit to immediately clear the airway You should not suction a patient's airway for more than 15 seconds because: A. the patient's tongue may be injured B. the suction unit's batter may drain too quickly C. the patient will become hypoxic during this time D. you may cause the patient to vomit C. the patient will become hypoxic during this time Emergency care for a responsive 7 year old child with a foreign body airway obstruction includes A. holding the child on your knee and performing back blows B. standing behind the child and performing sub-diaphragmatic thrusts C. placing the child supine on the floor and attempting to see the obstruction D. placing the child supine on the floor and performing abdominal thrusts B. standing behind the child and performing sub-diaphragmatic thrusts When assessing a 35 year old patient complaining she is short of breath, you note that her breathing is in excess of 28 times per minute. This is considered: A. neuropnea B. apnea C. bradypnea D. tachypnea D. tachypnea You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the patient's airway by using: A. head-tilt/chin-lift B. jaw thrust maneuver C. neck-lift/head-tilt D. head-tilt/jaw-thrust B. jaw thrust maneuver You arrive on the scene to find an unresponsive female patient who is in her car in the garage. The car is still running and the door is closed. Looking through an outside window, your next action would be to: A. attempt and immediate rescue B. open the large garage door and any other outside openings C. wait for the car to run out of gas D. shut the car off immediately and remove the patie B. open the large garage door and any other outside openings When you listen to the lungs of an asthma patient you would expect to hear: A. wheezes B. rales C. stridor D. rhonchi A. wheezes You have successfully converted your cardiac arrest patient out of v-fib with your AED. The patient has a pulse and respirations are 6 per minute. You should: A. continue CPR B. monitor patient C. administer 15 LPM via NRB D. continue to assist the patient with ventilations via a BVM and oxygen D. continue to assist the patient with ventilations via a BVM and oxygen You are treating a 35 year old conscious choking victim. The patient suddenly goes unresponsive. Your next step is to: A. attempt to ventilate the patient B. perform CPR C. deliver 5 abdominal thrusts D. deliver 5 chest thrusts B. perform CPR You arrive on scene to find a patient who had a productive cough for the past two weeks. The patient is complaining of a fever and night sweats. Your next step would be to A. obtain a better medical history B. obtain vital signs C. immediately transport the patient to the hospital D. put the HEPA mask on D. put the HEPA mask on You are treating a patient with shortness of breath. You want to deliver 6 liters per minute of oxygen. You would deliver this flow rate with a: A. nasal cannula B. simple face mask C. partial re-breather D. non-rebreather A. nasal cannula You are treating a 62-year-old female patient who is complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, and is coughing up a frothy sputum. You would suspect this patient has: A. right sided congestive heart failure B. left sided congestive heart failure C. emphysema D. pneumonia B. left sided congestive heart failure A 45 year old male is experiencing chest discomfort. After placing him in his position of comfort, your next action should be to A. ventilate the patient with a nonrebreather mask at 15L/min B. ventilate the patient with the bag-valve-mask at 15L/min C. administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15L/min D. administer oxygen by the nasal cannula at 6L/min C. administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15L/min Which of the following is a sign of inadequate breathing? A. warm, dry skin B. no audible sounds C. equal chest expansion D. accessory muscle use D. accessory muscle use [Show Less]
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The ultimate FISDAP AIRWAY study guide 100% correct answers
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal space (... [Show More] if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? To warm/humidify air as it passes through What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refers to the movement of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells and remove waste products. Also regulates pH of blood. What are the structures of the upper airway? nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, pharynx and larynx What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower? The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower. What are the structures of the lower airways? larynx (includes adam's apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Describe the anatomy of the larynx. From superior to inferior. Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, and cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are anterior to the larynx, and the cricothyroid membrane is posterior to both structures. True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they have 5 total. Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi. What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? bronchioles, and alveoli True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and contract? False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles. When the diaphragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space has a negative pressure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushes in. True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they are expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere. True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the lungs. The space between is called the anterior pleura. False: the visceral pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the body cavity and the pleural space is the space in between both where body fluid allows for both to smoothly glide. What muscles are involved in inhalation? The diaphragm, cervical muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscles, and pectoral muscles. What muscles are involved in expiration? none, expiration (if done passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the diaphragm. What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?) The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When there is too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla oblongata, which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. They cause an increase in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to increase tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to normal. We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive What is hypoxic drive? Backup system to control respiration. Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, and carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a small amount of O2, which means it is not as sensitive as pH control of CO2 What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration? medulla-controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern for respirations, and stimulates diaphragm to contract. pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both. True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillaries True in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bring blood away from the heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the pulmonary arteries bring oxygen poor blood away from the heart, to the lungs to be oxygenated. What is the tidal volume? amount of air moved in/out of lungs in single breath. Usually 500 ml in adult What is inspiratory reserve volume? Deepest breath you can take after normal respiration What is expiratory reserve volume/Vital Capacity? maximum amount you can breathe out after normal breath. What is residual volume? Remaining gas in lungs after exhalation. This is to keep lungs inflated What is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space? Part of respiratory system not involved in active respiration. Air moves through here but little to no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles considered dead space What is minute volume? What does it measure? Minute volume = RR x tidal volume. Volume of air moving through lungs in 1 minute. Can be estimated quickly. Count RR rate. If normal check to see chest rise and fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and fall is weak and/or little air coming out of nose, then the person has small minute volume. Alveolar Minute Volume Volume of air moved through lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space. Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidal volume - dead space) x RR Alveolar Ventilation Volume of air that reaches alveoli. Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead space Name the characteristics of normal breathing 1. Normal rate (12-20) 2. regular pattern of inhalation/exhalation 3. clear bilateral lung sounds 4. regular and equal chest rise/fall 5. adequate depth (tidal volume) What are the characteristics of inadequate breathing (adults)? Chapter 6 1. labored breathing (activating accessory muscles of respiration) 2. 12< or >20 breaths/minute 3. muscle retractions above clavicles or between ribs and below rib cage 4. pale/cyanotic skin 5. cool, damp, clammy skin 6. tripod position Chapter 10 1. 12< or 20> 2. irregular rhythm 3. diminished, absent or noisy auscultated breath sounds 4. reduced flow of expired air at nose/mouth 5. unequal or inadequate chest expansion 6. labored breathing 7. shallow depth 8. pale, cyanotic, cool or moist skin 9. retractions around ribs or above clavicles What are agonal gasps? What should you do if a pt has agonal gasps? Pt in cardiac arrest has occasional gasping breaths because respiratory center in brain continues to send signals to breathing muscles. Artificial ventilations and chest compressions. Where are the alpha-1 receptors located? What is their effect? location-blood vessels constricted blood vessels, skin is pale, cool, clammy They essentially increase BP Where are the Beta-1 receptors located? What is their effect? location-heart effect- increased HR, increased force of contraction They essentially increase CO since CO = HR x SV Where are the Beta-2 receptors located? What is their effect? location - lungs (beta-2 is beta-tube) effect - bronchodilation (more air enters lungs) Where are the muscarinic receptors located? What is their effect? location - heart effect - decreased HR, decreased force of contraction Muscarinic is parasympathetic system and do complete opposite of Beta-1 which is sympathetic What hormones activate the sympathetic nervous system? Epineprhine and norepineprhine, which are released from he adrenal gland after stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system. These hormones stimulate heart and blood vessels. What is pathophysiology? Study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by disease What is respiratory compromise? Inability of body to move gas effectively. Can result in decreased O2 (hypoxia) and increased CO2 (hypercarbia) What factors can impair ventilation? 1. Obstruction a. foreign objects - toys, food, teeth tongue etc b. physiological - induced by asthma, allergic rxns, infection 2. Impairment a. brain injury - to medulla/pons b. breathing muscles - diaphragm, c. nerves - neuromuscular disease like cerebral palsy can affect phrenic nerve 3. Other factors a. drugs - opioids can reduce RR b. loss of consciousness - can cause impaired ventilation c. trauma to chest wall - impair expansion of lungs [Show Less]
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FisDap Airway + Anatomy question and answer verified (latest 2023)
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway? a. crackles b. wheezing c. snoring d. stridor d. stridor is an uppe... [Show More] r airway obstruction caused by tissue swelling around the trachea, layrnx, or epiglotitis. Stridor is often present with an airway obstruction, epiglottitis, or croup What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration? a. friction rub b. stridor c. snoring d. wheezing d. wheezing suggests lower airway obstrictions or constrictions. Exhalation is a passive process and the wheezing noise is air pasively leaving constriced bronchioles What are the structures that branch off the trachea into the lower airway? a. arterioles b. bronchi c. alveoli d. cricoid b. bronchi The trachea bifurcates (splits) at the carina into left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located An 18 year old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are BP 110/66, P 88, and R 22. What is the most likely cause? a. spontaneous pneumothorax b. pulmonary embolism c. tension pneumothorax d. acute myocardial infarction b. pulmonary embolism Performing strenuous activities can cause a collapsed lung (spontaneous pneumothorax). He has sable vital signs so you should suspect a spontaneous pneumothorax. If he was hypotensive, you should suspect spontaneous pneumothorax had developed into a tension pneumothorax. An alert 32 year old female complains of difficultly breathing. She speaks in 2-3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? a. assist ventillations with a BVM b. obtain VS c. assist her with her MDI d. apply high flow O2 d. apply high flow O2 She is alert and her respirations are still efective without the need for assiting ventilations. SHe only complains of shortness of breath so applying high flow O2 should be the first treatment The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? a. labored b. normal c. obstructed d. shallow a. labored The sue of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress or failure. Nasal flaring is the body's response in effor to increase the size of the airway and attempt to draw in more air with each breath. Expect to initially see an increased RR and HR with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the RR and quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? a. 350 ml b. 150 L c. 500 ml d. 750 L a. 350 ml The average adult ventilation is 500 mL, but there ia an area of dead space that traps 150 ml of air so only 350 mL effectively reaches the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do? a. begin chets compressions b. perform a finger sweep c. attempt to ventilate her d. deliver up to 5 abdominal thrusts a. begin chets compressions When a patient has a completely obstructed airway and becomes unconscious, the first thing you should do is start chest compressions What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult? a. 6-12 b. 12-20 c. 20-28 d. 28-36 b. 12-20 which allows for adequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you expect? a. chronchi bronchitis b. pulmonary embolus c. lung cancer d. status asthmaticus a. chronic bronchitis is a long term inflammation of bronchioles. Excessive mucus and pus production leads to obstructive airwayds. Consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway obstruction An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times per minute. WHat device should you use to administer O2? a. NRB mask b. BVM c. simple face mask d. nasal cannula b. BVM. He is unresponsive, breathing too slow so assist with ventilaitons first to increase RR. What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are responsible for gas exchange? a. carina b. bronchioles c. alveoli d. trachea c. alveoli Inhaled air ia drawn down into the lung tisuse which consists of tiny alveoli sacs. Capillaries are located on the outside of the alveoli and they share a membrane with the alveoli sacs, which is where gas exchange takes place. These alveoli sacs are kept open by syrfactant which is a soap substance that reduces surface tension, otherwise, alveoli collapse and gas exchange is inhibited. With CHF, blood replaces surfactant and the alveoli collapse. AN 82 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. Before you assist her with her prescribed inhaler, who will you need permission from? a. online medical control b. her personal physcian c. staff nurse d. her family a. online medical control is required for assisting prescribed medications (over the radio or cell phone) A 77 year old female with dyspnea, speaks in short words bursts, and breathes with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are BP 153/90, P 86 and irregular, RR 23. WHat should you expect? a. emphysema b. bronchitis c. status asthmaticus d. pulmonary edema a. emphysema is a chronic obstructive proces of the alveoli. The alveoli regenerate but they are misshaped and consist of scar tissue, which inhibits gas exchange. SHe has pursed lips because she is attempting to keep the alveoli open. Without the extra effort, her alveoli with collaspe due to increased surface tension A 42 year old male complains of SOB after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P 124, RR 28 shallow and labored. What should you do? a. apply sterile dressings b. remove excess clothing c. suctions his airway d. assist his ventilations d. assist his ventilations because he is in respiatory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his respirations are fardt and shallow, which doesn not allow for adequate oxygen exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary edema from the lower airway burns A 64 year old male is not breathing. What should you do after intiating ventillations with a BVM? a. look for inflation of his cheecks b. look for rise and fall of the chest c. listen for gurgling and check the mask position d. look for signs that he begins breathing on his own b. look for rise (inhale, which shows adequate amounts of air is getting into the patient's lungs) and fall of the chest (exhale, which can show if air is able to passively leak) A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times per minute. What do you expect? a. respiratory failure b. respiratory arrest c. respiratory distress d. respiratory alkalosis a. respiratory failure because slow rate (too slow for adeuqate gas exchagne) and is sleep/difficult to arouse. A febrile 44 year old male complains of SOB and has dull chets pain. He has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. What is the most likely cause? a. chronchi bronchitis b. pneumonia c. emphysema d. CHF b. pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty sputum is a sign of lower airway infection. He is febrile from an immune response to the infection with an commone associated symptom of dull chest pain. A 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right-sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What do you suspect? a. hypotension b. pneumonia c. pulmonary embolism d. myocardial infarction c. pulmonary embolism is typically the result of a bloodclot formed in a lower extremity with poor circulation. Hip surgery caused patient to be immbolized for an extensive time. The sudden unilateral chest pain is the lung with the clot and any lung tissue distal of the cloth with not allow for adequate O2 exchange. How should you insert a NPA? a. guide with a soft tip stylet b. apply an oil-based lubricant c. face bevel towards the septum d. rotate the device 360 degress c. face bevel towards the septum, and apply a water-soluble lubricant What is direclt posterior to the nose? a. nasopharynx b. larynx c. trachea d. oropharynx a. nasopharynx connects the opening of the nostrils to the soft palate to warm inhaled air and filter out fine particulate matter What many lobes are in the lungs? a. 4 b. 7 c. 2 d. 5 d. 5 lobes total with 3 lobes on the right and 2 lobes on the left What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords? a. larynx b. trachea c. nasopharynx d. oropharynx a. larynx ("voice box") contains the vocal cords which is superior to the trachea. What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? a. 8-16 b. 10-18 c. 12-20 d. 14-22 c. 12-20 for adequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange What ring-shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx? a. cricoid cartilage b. diaphram c. epilottis d. carina a. cricoid cartilage which is inferior to the thyroid cartilage What area is directy posterior to the mouth? a. oropharynx b. trachea c. larynx d. naospharynx a. oropharynx is the central location of the pharynx and is located from the opening of the mouth until the eipiglottis Where is Sellick's maneuver applied? a. trachea b. esophagus c. thyroid gland d. cricoid cartilage d. cricoid cartilage. Sellick's maneuver or criocoid pressure inhibits gas entering the stomach during assisted ventilations What is the most commen location for an airway obstruction? a. trachea b. larynx c. pharynx d. epiglottis c. pharynx since this passageway is shared by air and food, or a flaccid tongue What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food? a. pharynx b. larynx c. trachea d. nasopharynx a. pharynx (throat). The nasal cavity and the mouth share the same passageway as air moves down the larynx and food travels into the esophagus What is the name of the hollow, semi-flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs? a. alveoli b. bronchi c. trachea d. larynx c. trachea What leaf-shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea? a. oropharynx b. cricoid cartilage c. epiglottis d. alveoli c. epilottis When you swallow, it falls down and coves the trachea opening. When you breath it lifts upwards and allows air to pass What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split? a. xiphoid process b. cricoid cartilage c. epiglottis d. carina d. carina What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation? a. relaxes b. enlarges c. moves upwards d. contracts d. contracts in a downward motion drawing air into the lungs. Inhalation is an active process. What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chets cavity from the abdominal cavity? a. carina b. smooth muscle c. alveolus d. diaphragm d. diaphragm is the muscle used for breathing. On inhalation, it contracts downwards, allowing air to be drawn in the mouth of nose and proceed down into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, allowing air to passivelt leave the airway [Show Less]
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FISDAP airway, ventilation, and respiratory 100% accurate answers
What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes? 12-20 breaths per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95% What are the complicati... [Show More] ons of hyperventilation? Leads to carbon dioxide blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain What is dyspnea? difficulty breathing What is nocturnal dyspnea? Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic Bronchitis / high pitched Wheezes Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles Crackles Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration Stridor Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched Rhonchi Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate pumping of the heart Congestive heart failure Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and caused by rub on internal surfaces Tension pneumothorax Tachycardia is? High heart rate Bradycardia is? Low heart rate What is hyperventilation? Increased depth and rate of breathing What is hypoxic drive? It is a backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall. Secondary drive What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes? A buildup of mucus in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways? Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs Where are beta 2 receptors located? Lungs What do beta 2 receptors do? Stimulate bronchioles to dilate Where are beta 1 receptors located? heart What do beta 1 receptors do? increase heart rate How many lobes are in the lungs 5 (3 right, 2 left) What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? 12-20 breaths/min What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food pharynx What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords larynx What is the most common location for an airway obstruction pharynx What ring shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx cricoid cartilage What is the name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs trachea What area is directly posterior to the mouth? oropharynx What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity diaphragm What is directly posterior to the nose nasopharynx What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation contracts What leaf shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea epiglottis What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split carina Where is Sellick's maneuver applied? cricoid cartilage What are the small sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange alveoli An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device should you use to administer oxygen? Bag valve mask A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do? Begin chest compressions What is the normal breath per minute for an adult 12-20 An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She can only speak in 2 to 3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? Apply high-flow oxygen The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? labored What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration? Wheezing How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway face the bevel towards the septum What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway bronchi A 52 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times a minute. What should you suspect? Respiratory failure A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P124, R28 shallow and labored. What should you do? Assist his ventilations An 82 year old female complains or difficulty breathing. Before you assist he with the inhaler, who will you need permission from? Online medical control What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult 350mL What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are responsible for gas exchange Alveoli A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you expect? Chronic bronchitis An 18 year old male is cyanosis and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are Bp110/66, P88, R22. What is the most likely cause? Spontaneous phnemothorax An febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up "rusty" septum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? Pneumonia What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway stridor A 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What should you expect Pulmonary embolism A 64 year old male is not breathing. What should you do after initiating ventilations with a bag valve mask Look for rise and fall of the chest A 77 year old female has dyspnea, speaks in short word bursts, and breaths with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are 152/90, P86 and irregular, R23. What should you expect Emphysema [Show Less]
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Airway Fisdap Questions with complete top solutions,A+ test
What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? 350ml How much air is in the average adult ventilation? 500ml How ... [Show More] much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is ventilating? 150ml A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect? Chronic bronchitis EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway obstruction An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. which device should you use to administer oxygen? Bag-valve mask EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and assisting his ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate with a bag-valve mask. diaphoretic Characterized by profuse sweating. Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen 20-44% What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway? Bronchi EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located. What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult 12-20 A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? Pneumonia EXPLANATION: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a sign of a lower airway infection. He is febrile (has a fever) from an immune response to the infection, and the "dull" chest pain is a common symptom at the location of the infection. A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vitals signs are BP 112/66, P 124, R 26 shallow and labored. What should you do? Assists his ventilations EXPLANATION: He is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his respirations are fast and shallow. Shallow respirations do not allow for adequate oxygen exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any developing pulmonary edema from the lower airway burns. What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed upper airway? Stridor How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? Face the bevel toward the septum Also know to only use water-soluble lubricants when inserting a NPA, no oil-based lubricants The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? Labored breathing Expect to initially see an increases respiratory rate ad heart rate with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the respiratory rate and the quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem. What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are responsible for gas exchange? Alveoli A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse and breathing 8 times a minute. What do you suspect? Respiratory failure What is directly posterior to the nose? Nasopharynx The nasopharynx connects the opening of the nostrils to the soft palate, which is located at the back of the mouth. This passage is designed to warm up inhaled air and filters out fine particulate matter What is the name of the muscular structure the divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity? Diaphragm What is the most common location for an airway obstruction? Pharynx This passageway is shared by air and food, so it is a common site for a partial of complete obstruction, which could be food or a flaccid tongue. What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords? Larynx This structure is directly above the trachea. What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? 12-20 What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split? Carina How many lobes are in the lungs? 5 3 lobes on the right and 2 lobes on the left What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive system and the respiratory system for air and food? Pharynx The nasal cavity and mouth share this passageway. Air travels down the larynx and food travels into the esophagus What ring-shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx? Cricoid cartilage This is located directly inferior of the thyroid cartilage What structure is at the terminal portion of the respiratory tree? Alveloi An inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells is called: Hypoxia What is the name of the only complete cartilaginous ring of the trachea? Cricoid Cartilage The two main branches of the trachea form the: Bronchi You are managing a patient with damage to the brainstem due to a stroke. How can this have a detrimental effect on the patient's breathing status? There can be a change in both the breathing rate and regularity Of the following influences on breathing, which one has the MOST significant impact on the moment-to-moment regulation of breathing? Carbon dioxide levels External respiration is best described as the: Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the surrounding capillary bed During cellular respiration and metabolism, there is constant production of acidic waste products such as hydrogen. How does the body initially manage this acid? Hydrogen is converted into carbonic acid and later into CO2 and H2O While you are transporting a young teenager with a cold and cough, he asks you what his respiratory system does. How would you respond? It takes oxygen from the air and supplies it to the blood Which muscle of the body is the primary one that allows normal inhalation to occur? Diaphragm When your patient inhales, the diaphragm and what other muscle group contracts in order for air to flow into the lungs? External intercostal muscles You are caring for a patient with respiratory distress. The patient is found in a tripod position with nasal flaring, the pulse oximetry is 94 percent, and you note absent alveolar breath sounds and cyanosis around the mouth and nail beds. Given these findings, which is MOST suggestive of actual breathing inadequacy? Absent alveolar breath sounds Following the assessment of a patient who was found in a tripod position, you have concluded that the patient is unable to adequately deliver oxygenated blood to the peripheral tissues despite high-flow oxygen via NRB. This is known as: Hypoxia As brain cells start to become initially hypoxic, what is a common CNS response? Restlessness and agitation Which of the following patients, in the absence of disease or injury, will use oxygen at the highest rate, and thus, must always be adequately oxygenated and ventilated? A patient who is 3 years old Which patient population is most likely to become hypoxic from poor oxygen reserves during periods of hypoventilation or apnea? Infants You are caring for a two-week-old who reportedly is having trouble breathing. Which of the below findings BEST supports the suspicion the patient is truly hypoxic? The heart rate is 60 per minute As compared to infants, what response do adults typically display as they initially start to become hypoxic? The heart rate increases An infant who is conscious with a pulse has an obstructed airway, the EMT should: Alternate back blows and chest thrusts How does the mental status of a patient change in light of an airway occlusion from a foreign body trapped in the trachea? The patient can rapidly become unresponsive The most common cause of airway obstruction in the patient who is found supine and unresponsive is: The tongue Which of the following anatomical differences between the pediatric and adult airway renders the pediatric patient more susceptible to airway occlusion when becoming obtunded? Proportionally larger tongue Your unit is on the scene of a call for a 19-year-old female who is having an asthma attack. Her pulse ox is in the mid-90s, and you hear bilateral wheezing with auscultation. What is your initial concern for this conscious patient with respiratory distress? Diminishing pulmonary function until respiratory failure occurs Which of the following would have the least contributory effect on reducing tidal volume in a patient? Diabetes or high blood pressure You are managing a patient who is suffering from a right ventricular infarction. If the patient is also complaining of mild dyspnea, how could the MI contribute to the perception of dyspnea? Decreased perfusion to the lungs If a patient has suffered a heart attack and the left ventricle can no longer pump blood effectively, how can this cause respiratory compromise in the patient? Increased amount of fluid filling the alveoli Blood, vomitus, or other substances that occlude the nasopharynx may drain and lead to: Airway occlusion Just because a patient is attempting to breathe against a partially occluded airway, if they do NOT move enough air to reach the alveoli, what secondary complication might they experience? Hypoxia or Hypercapnia Which of the following is the MOST important airway concern for any patient who displays an altered mental status? The tongue will relax into the back of the throat and cause a partial or complete airway obstruction Which of the following statements is MOST correct about the relationship between the airway status and the level of hypoxia that may be present in a patient who is awake and talking to you? The airway is intact and the risk of hypoxia is low Which of the following differences between the airways in the adult and pediatric is correct? Pediatrics have a proportionally larger tongue The narrowest part(s) of an infant's upper airway is (are) the: Cricoid cartilage Which of the following vital sign changes is consistent with pediatric hypoxia that may necessitate airway and/or ventilatory assistance? Bradycardia Compared to the adult patient, an infant's ventilation rate is: Faster and with a lower tidal volume A child's metabolic rate and limited oxygen reserves will cause what detrimental effect to occur more quickly in a child patient than in an adult patient during periods of hypoventilation? Hypoxia A harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration, characteristic of an upper airway obstruction due to swelling, is called: The patient's skin is pale and clammy [Show Less]
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FISDAP (Airway) questions and answers with complete top solutions
Which patient would be classified as "immediate" during and MCI? 8 year old female with no respirations after 5 positive pressure ventilations. A 1... [Show More] 3 year old female watching a horror movie states she can't catch her breath and her fingers are numb. Respirations are 30 and deep with Sp02 of %100. She is speaking in clear sentences, has clear and equal breath sounds. You should? Calmly reassure her, encouraging her to calmly slow her rate of breathing. You have inserted an OPA for a 21 year old apneic male. How many times per minute should you ventilate him with a BVM? 10 to 12 Proper technique to suction patient's airway includes? Oxygenating and ventilating before and after suctioning. When ventilating patient with BVM, what is the appropriate oxygen flow rate? 15 liters/min An obese man complains of sever difficulty breathing. His skin is cool and moist and breathing 22 times per minute. He indicates he never goes to the doctor and often feels dizzy after walking. You should? Apply a nonrebreather mask at 10 liters/min A 42 year old asthmatic patient complains of chest pain, shortness of breath and a violent cough that produces brownish sputum. What is the most likely cause? Pneumonia An 89 year old patient complains of difficulty breathing and a productive cough that has gotten worse over the past 12 hours. You should suspect? Pneumonia As the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the chest cavity? Decreases in size, causing exhalation During initial assessment of an adult's respiratory status, you should? Evaluate both the respiratory rate and the rise and fall of the chest In which group of patients are you likely to encounter "see-saw" breathing? Pediatrics Which sequence correctly traces the path oxygen takes from the atmosphere to the lungs? Mouth, Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli. A 16 year old asthmatic female in a tripod position complains of increased shortness of breath. SpO2 is 79%. You should administer oxygen at? 10 lpm via nonrebreather mask A 34 year old man is saying he is choking, You note stridor and hoarseness in his voice. What should you do? Encourage him to cough An unresponsive trauma patient is gurgling. When you suction the oropharynx with a rigid catheter, the patient gags. You should? Assess insertion depth of the catheter Thin 54 year old male with a nonproductive cough complains of difficulty breathing. Sitting upright with hands on his knees and you see retractions. Notice oxygen tubing around the house. You should suspect medical history of? Chronic Bronchitis Semiconscious patient's dentures completely loosened. You should? Remove dentures Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange at the alveolar level by which process? Diffusion 20 year old female unable to cath breath after minor car crash, numbness and tingling to hands and face. Vitals are P 118, R 24. What should you do? High flow oxygen with a nonrebreather mask Which term best describes respiratory difficulty? Dyspnea What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult? 350 mL The average adult ventilation is 500 mL, but there is an area of dead space that traps 150 mL of air. 350 mL effectively reaches the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. A 77 year old female has dyspnea, speaks in short word burst, and breathes with pursed lips. Lung sounds are diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are BP 152/90, P 86 and irregular, R 23. What should you suspect? Empysema Emphysema is a chronic destructive process of the alveoli. The alveoli regenerate but they are misshaped and consist of scar tissue. The scar tissue inhibits gas exchange. She has pursed lips because she is attempting to keep the alveoli open. Without the extra effort her alveoli will collapse due to increased surface tension. An 18 year old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights. Vital signs are BP 110/66, P 88, R 22. What is the most likely cause? Spontaneous pneumothorax Performing strenuous activites can, on occasion, cause a collapsed (spontaneous pnemothorax) He has stable vital signs so you should suspect a S.P. If he had been hypotensive (88/40), you should suspect that the S.P had developed into a tension pneumothorax. An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device should you use to administer oxygen? Bag-valve mask He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "Sick" patient and assisting his ventilations should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate with a bag valve mask, which is why it is the most correct choice. A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P 124, R 28 shallow and labored. What should you do? Assist his ventilations He is in respiratory failure. His breathing is ineffective because his respirations are fast and shallow. Shallow respirations do not allow for adequate oxygen exchange because the air is not drawn down far enough into the lungs. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any pulmonary edemy from the lower airway burns. What are the structures that brach off the trachea into the lower airway? Bronchi The trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located. What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration? Wheezing Wheezing is a high pitched whistling sound heard on EXHALATION. Wheezing suggest there is a LOWER airway OBSTRUCTION or CONSTRICTION. Exhalation is a passive process, and the wheezing noise is air passively leaving constricted bronchioles. The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? Labored The use of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress or failure. Nasal flaring is the body's response in effort to increase the size of the airway and attempt to draw in more air with each breath. Expect to initially see an increased respiratory rate and heart rate with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the respiratory rate and quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem. What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway? Stridor Stridor is an UPPER airway obstruction caused by the tissue swelling around the trachea, larynx, or epiglottis during INSPIRATION. A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times a minute. What should you suspect? Respiratory Failure This rate is too slow and the fact that he is sleepy and difficult to arouse shows that he is in respiratory failure. An adult with a respiratory of 8 is too slow for adequate gas exchange. An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She speaks in 2-3 word sentences and has oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? Apply high flow oxygen. -She is alert and her respirations are still effective without the need for assisting ventilations. She only complains of shortness of breath, so applying high flow oxygen should be the first treatment. A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you asses her. What should you do? When a patient has a completely obstructed airway and become unconscious the first thing you should do is start chest compressions. A male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal bilateral rhonci. What should you suspect? Chronic bronchitis (sounds like snoring, excess mucus) Excessive mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. The consistent cough is the bodys response to clear the airway obstruction. A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for the last three days. What is the most likely cause? Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a sign of lower airway infection. He is febrile (fever) from an immune response to the infection, and the "dull" chest pain is a common symptom at the location of the infection. a 75 year old female complains of a sudden onset of right sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from a recent hip surgery. What should you expect? Pulmonary embolism A pulmonary embolism is typically the result of a clot that has formed in the lower extremity with poor circulation. Hip surgery requires a patient to be immobilized for an extended period of time which can permit a clot to form in the distal portion of an extremity. The sudden unilateral chest pain is the lung with the clot. Any lung tissue distal of the clot will not allow for adequate oxygen exchange. How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? First step is to face the bevel towards the septum. Apply a water soluble lubricant, do not use an oil based lubricant. What is the Name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries in held air from the larynx to the lungs? Trachea The trachea is a tube like structure that allows air passage from the upper airway into the lungs What is the most common location for an airway obstruction Pharynx This passage way is shared by air and food so it is a common site for a partial or complete obstruction, which could be food or a flaccid tongue What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal chords? larynx This structure is directly above the trachea the vocal cords are located here it is also known as the voice box What is directly posterior to the nose? nasopharynx The nasopharynx connects the opening of the nostrils to the soft palate? Which is located at the back of the mouth. This passage is designed to warm up and held air in filter out fine particulate matter. What ring shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx? Cricoid Cartilage The inferior portion of the larynx is a cartilaginous ring. It is located directed inferior of the Thyroid cartilage. Where is Sellick's Maneuver applied? cricoid cartilage Sellicks maneuver is also called cricoid pressure. It inhibits gas entering the stomach during assisted ventilations. What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation? Contracts The diaphragm contracts in a downward motion drawing air into the lungs. What is the name of the cartilaginous Ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split? Carina Located beneath the sternum. What is directly posterior to the mouth? Oropharynx How many lobes are in the lungs? 5 3 on the right and two on the left. What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive tract and the respiratory systems for air and food? Pharynx The pharynx is also known as the throat. The nasal cavity and a mouth share this passage way. Air moves down the larynx and food travels into the esophagus. 56 year old female struggling to breathe with wheezing. She is unable to hold her head up or follow commands. What should you do? Check airway for foreign body obstructions What nerve primarily controls respiration? Phrenic Unresponsive 16 year old male has snoring respirations after diving in a pond and nearly drowning. You should? Compressions Which is an indication of an upper airway obstruction? Stridor What is the sound of a lower airway obstruction? Wheezing An adult is breathing at a rate of 6 beats per minute. You should? Ventilate the patient via bag-valve mask Prescribed inhalers are helpful for patients with an obstructive pulmonary disease because they? Activate Beta 2 receptors A 50 year old is not breathing and has a faint pulse. You should? BVM A patient has a history of COPD. Before assisting him in self-administering his inhaler you should? Shake vigorously How often should you ventilate a patient who is apneic and has a pulse? 5-6 A 14 year old female Is short of breath. She has a history of cystic fibrosis. Lung sounds reveal coarse rhonchi. What is the most likely cause of her condition? mucous secretions A 64-year-old woman with a complete laryngectomy is in respiratory arrest you should? suction the stoma completely When ventilating a patient with a bag valve mask device you should? use two rescuers whenever possible A 28-year-old patient is experiencing Dyspnea and wheezing which medication should you request from medical control? albuterol inhaler 20 year old male complains of sudden onset shortness of breath. He is breathing at 24 times per minute and his pulse oximetry is 85% you should? Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask 15 lpm A 34-year-old male says he's choking. You note Stridor and hoarseness in his voice what should you do? encourage him to cough Which condition could be considered an upper airway obstruction? Epiglottitis An 18-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. He has a history of asthma and self administered two doses of his prescribed metered dose inhaler with no relief. Vital signs are P104 R 22 SP02 91% what should you do? Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause decreased compliance while ventilating via bag valve mask? tension pneumothorax A febrile 2 year old male in respiratory distress with crackles in the lower left lung field. You should suspect? Pneumonia Which of the following shows a sign of lower respiratory tract problem? Expiratory wheezes and long expiration A 64 year old male complains of dyspnea and is coughing up blood tinged sputum. Upon auscultation you note cracks bilaterally. What should you suspect? Tuberculosis Which statement indicates that the patient is suffering from a CHF rather than Pneumonia? feels like I'm drowning when I sleep When suctioning blood, fluid, and mucous from the oropharynx, the most appropriate device is? A rigid tip suction catheter The reason for assessing the radial and the carotid pulse simultaneously is to? Confirm Cardiac Rhythm Problem A patient presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath crackles, hypertension, and jugular distension. You Should suspect? Acute Pulmonary Edema A 73 year old male is dyspneic. You note jugular vein distension and dependent edema. Vital signs are BP 158/93, P 130 R 36. What should you suspect? Congestive Heart Failure [Show Less]
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