Final Exam: NSG123/ NSG 123 (NEW 2024/
2025 Update) Med Surg 1| Review with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100%
Correct- Herzing
QUESTION
2
... [Show More] Major Buffer Systems
Answer:
Kidneys & Lungs
The body's major extracellular buffer system is the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system,
which is assessed when arterial blood gases are measured
QUESTION
What is the kidney's role in regulating the pH?
Answer:
The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the ECF; they can regenerate bicarbonate ions as
well as reabsorb them from the renal tubular cells. In respiratory acidosis and most cases of
metabolic acidosis, the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help
restore balance. In respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys retain hydrogen ions and
excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance
QUESTION
Osteoporosis S/S
Answer:
The bones become progressively porous, brittle, and fragile. They fracture easily under stresses
that would not break normal bone. This occurs most commonly as compression fractures of the
thoracic and lumbar spine, hip fractures, and Colles fractures of the wrist. These fractures may be
the first clinical manifestation of osteoporosis
QUESTION
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Answer:
Alcohol intake of 3 or more drinks daily
Current use of tobacco products
Family history
History of bone fracture during adulthood
Inactive or sedentary lifestyle
Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake
Low body mass index
Malabsorption disorders (e.g., eating disorder, celiac disease, bariatric surgery)
Men older than 60 years of age
Women who are postmenopausal
Prescribed corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) for longer than 3 months
QUESTION
Diagnostic Test for Osteoporosis
Answer:
Osteoporosis is diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), which provides
information about BMD at the spine and hip.
QUESTION
S/S of Hypercalcemia
Answer:
Hypercalcemia produces adverse effects in several body systems.
GI effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and constipation.
Central nervous system effects are apathy, poor memory, depression, drowsiness, and
disorientation.
Cardiac effects include dysrhythmias, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a prolonged QT
interval and an inverted T wave.
Weakness and decreased tone in skeletal and smooth [Show Less]