Final Exam: NR293 / NR 293 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pharmacology |Review with Questions and Verified Answers| Complete Guide | 100% Correct | A Grade
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QUESTION
Estrogens
Answer:
Responsible for: Development and maintenance of the female reproductive system
Development of female secondary sex characteristics
Shaping of body contours and development of the skeleton
QUESTION
Estrogenic Drugs
Answer:
Conjugated estrogens (Premarin)
Esterified estrogens (Estratab)
Estradiol transdermal (Estraderm, Climara, Vivelle)
Estradiol cypionate (Depo-Estradiol, DepoGen)
Estradiol valerate (Delestrogen)
Ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl)
Estradiol vaginal dosage forms (Vagifem, Estrace Vaginal Cream)
Estrone (Estrone Aqueous)
Estropipate (Ogen, Ortho-Est)
QUESTION
Estrogens: Indications
Answer:
Treatment or prevention of disorders that result from estrogen deficiency
Atrophic vaginitis
Hypogonadism
Oral contraception (given with a progestin)
Uterine bleeding
Vasomotor spasms of menopause ("hot flashes")
Osteoporosis (treatment and prophylaxis)
Breast or prostate cancer (palliative treatment)
Ovarian failure or castration (or removal of ovaries)
QUESTION
Estrogens: Contraindications
Answer:
Drug allergy
Any estrogen-dependent cancer
Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding
Pregnancy
Active thromboembolic disorder or history
QUESTION
Estrogens: Adverse Effects
Answer:
Thrombolytic events: most serious
Nausea: most common
Hypertension, thrombophlebitis, edema
Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain
May cause photosensitivity, chloasma
Amenorrhea, breakthrough uterine bleeding
Tender breasts, fluid retention, headaches
QUESTION
Estrogens: Interactions
Answer:
Decrease the activity of the oral anticoagulants
Decrease effect of rifampin
St. John's wort
Tricyclic antidepressants
Smoking
QUESTION
Estrogens are for
Answer:
Indicated for the treatment of many clinical conditions, primarily those resulting from estrogen deficiency
Smallest dosage of estrogen that relieves the symptoms or prevents the condition is used
QUESTION
Progestins (progesterone)
Answer:
Most commonly used
Hydroxyprogesterone (Hylutin)
Levonorgestrel (Plan B)
Medroxyprogesterone (Provera, Depo-Provera)
Megestrol (Megace)
Norethindrone acetate (Aygestin)
Norgestrel (Ovrette, Ovral)
Progesterone (Prometrium)
Etonogestrel implant (Implanon)
QUESTION
Progestins: Mechanisms of Action
Answer:
Induction of secretory changes in the endometrium
Increases basal body temperature
Thickening of the vaginal mucosa
Relaxation of uterine smooth muscle
Stimulation of mammary alveolar tissue growth
Feedback inhibition of the release of pituitary gonadotropins
QUESTION
Progestins: Indications
Answer:
Treatment of functional uterine bleeding caused by:
Hormonal imbalance
Fibroids
Uterine cancer
Treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea
Adjunctive and palliative treatment of some cancers and endometriosis
Alone or in combination with estrogens toprevent conception
Prevention of threatened miscarriage
Alleviation of premenstrual syndrome symptoms
QUESTION
Progestins
Answer:
Contraindications: similar to estrogens
QUESTION
Progestins: Adverse Effects
Answer:
Liver dysfunction: cholestatic jaundice
Thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, such as pulmonary embolism (PE)
Nausea, vomiting
Amenorrhea, spotting
Edema, weight gain or loss
Others
QUESTION
Medroxyprogesterone(Provera, Depo-Provera)
Answer:
Inhibits the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation and ovulation, stimulates the growth of mammary tissue, and has an antineoplastic action against endometrial cancer [Show Less]