Exam 2: NR293 / NR 293 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pharmacology |Review with Questions and Verified Answers| Complete Guide | 100% Correct | A Grade
... [Show More] -Chamberlain
QUESTION
Antitussives
Answer:
Used only for nonproductive coughs!
Drugs used to stop or reduce coughing
Opioid and nonopioid
May be used in cases when coughing is harmful
QUESTION
Antitussives: Mechanism of Action
Opioids
Answer:
-Suppress the cough reflex by direct action on the cough center in the medulla
-Analgesia, drying effect on the mucosa of the respiratory tract, increased viscosity of respiratory secretions, reduction of runny nose & postnasal drip
-Examples: Codeine & Hydrocodone
QUESTION
Antitussives:Mechanism of Action Nonopioids
Answer:
-Dextromethorphan: works in the same way
-Not an opioid
-No analgesic properties
-No CNS depression
-Benzonatate
-Suppress the cough reflex by numbing the stretch receptors in the respiratory tract & prevent reflex stimulation of the medullary cough center
QUESTION
Antitussives: Indications
Answer:
Used to stop the cough reflex when the cough is nonproductive and/or harmful like hernia surgery
QUESTION
Antitussives: Contraindications
Answer:
Drug allergy
Opioid dependency
Respiratory depression
QUESTION
Antitussives: Adverse Effects
Answer:
Benzonatate: Dizziness, headache, sedation, nausea, and others
Dextromethorphan: Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
Opioids: Sedation, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, constipation
QUESTION
Antitussives: Nursing Implications
Answer:
Perform respiratory and cough assessment, and assess for allergies
Instruct patients to avoid driving or operating heavy equipment because of possible sedation, drowsiness, or dizziness
Report any of the following symptoms to the caregiver:
Cough that lasts more than a week, A persistent headache, Fever ,Rash
Antitussive drugs are for nonproductive coughs
Monitor for intended therapeutic effects
QUESTION
Expectorants
Answer:
Drugs that aid in the expectoration (removal) of mucus
Reduce the viscosity of secretions
Disintegrate and thin secretions, Example: guaifenesin
QUESTION
Expectorants: Mechanisms of Action
Answer:
Reflex stimulation; Drug causes irritation of the GI tract., Loosening and thinning of respiratory tract secretions occur in response to this irritation.
Direct stimulation; The secretory glands are stimulated directly to increase their production of respiratory tract fluids.
Final result: thinner mucus that is easier to remove
QUESTION
Expectorants: Drug Effects
Answer:
By loosening and thinning sputum and bronchial secretions, the tendency to cough is indirectly diminished
QUESTION
Expectorants: Indications
Answer:
Used for the relief of productive coughs associated with:
Common cold, Bronchitis, Laryngitis, Pharyngitis, Coughs caused by chronic paranasal sinusitis, Pertussis, Influenza, Measles
QUESTION
Expectorants: Nursing Implications
Answer:
Expectorants should be used with caution in older adults and patients with asthma or respiratory insufficiency.
Patients taking expectorants should receivemore fluids, if permitted, to help loosen andliquefy secretions.
Report a fever, cough, or other symptoms lasting longer than 1 week.
Monitor for intended therapeutic effects
QUESTION
Herbal Products: Echinacea
Answer:
Reduces symptoms of the common cold and recovery time
Adverse effects; Dermatitis, GI disturbance, Dizziness, Headache
QUESTION
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Answer:
Asthma (persistent and present most of the time despite treatment), Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis
QUESTION
Bronchial Asthma
Answer:
Recurrent and reversible shortness of breath
Occurs when the airways of the lungs become narrow as a result of: Bronchospasms, Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, Edema of the bronchial mucosa, Production of viscous mucus [Show Less]