Exam 2 Nutrition NR-228 (2022 GRADED A)
Water and minerals are primary components-answer- of body fluids, and each performs other functions as
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Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)-answer- highest average daily intake level of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of negative health effects
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)-answer- average amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of all healthy people (98%)
Alpha-tocopherol (a-TE)-answer- The most active form of vitamin E in the body
RAE means-answer- retinol activity equivalents. vitamin A is the unit of measurement associated with it
Vitamins are-answer- organic molecules that perform specific metabolic functions.
Vitamins are divided-answer- into water soluble and fat soluble.
Solubility of vitamins affects-answer- the processes of their absorption, transportation, and storage in our bodies
Water-soluble vitamins are-answer- vitamin C, choline, and the B complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, pyridoxine [B6], vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin).
What is easily absorbed into blood circulation-answer- Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins are-answer- vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of-answer- carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the form of simple carbohydrates.
There are three sizes of carbohydrates-answer- monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides-answer- glucose, fructose, and galactose
Disaccharides-answer- sucrose, maltose, and lactose
Polysaccharides-answer- starch, fiber, and glycogen
Food carbohydrates are divided into two categories-answer- simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates-answer- monosaccharides and disaccharides
Complex carbohydrates-answer- polysaccharides, excluding glycogen
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for carbohydrates-answer- 130 g/day for adults between 19and 30 years of age.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)-answer- 45% to 65% of kcal intake per day as primarily complex carbohydrates.
Dietary Guidelines recommends-answer- emphasizing a plant-based diet including fruits, vegetables, cooked dried beans and peas, whole grains, and seeds.
Energy circulates in the bloodstream-answer- glucose
Carbohydrates-answer- are an abundant food source of energy and dietary fiber
Blood glucose levels-answer- are regulated and balanced through hormonal systems. normal range 70- 100 mg per deciliter
Hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus-answer- may occur when these systems cannot regulate glucose within normal levels.
Dietary fiber-answer- does not provide energy; it is not digestible by humans.
Consuming adequate quantities of soluble and insoluble fiber-answer- has significant health benefits.
The DRI for dietary fiber-answer- 25 to 38 g for adult women and men, respectively.
Best carbohydrate food energy sources-answer- grains, legumes, and starchy root vegetables.
Best dietary fiber sources:-answer- fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain products.
Nutrients are lost when-answer- unrefined (whole) grains are refined
Dietary Guidelines recommends increased consumption of-answer- complex carbohydrates
MyPlate proposes-answer- 6 ounces of grains, 4.5 cups of vegetables, and 2 cups of fruits
Triglycerides-answer- provide food functions of energy, palatability, satiety, food processing, and source of nutrients.
Triglycerides Physiologic functions-answer- include form of stored energy; organ protection; temperature regulation; and insulation.
Phospholipids-answer- are a component of all cell membrane structures; emulsifiers of fluids within of the body; and part of the transport of lipids throughout the body.
Sterols-answer- are part of complex regulatory compounds within the body. also known as cholesterol which is a vital part of all cell membrane and nerve tissues; and of building blocks for hormones.
Sterols composition-answer- a basic material to make bile; vitamin D; sex hormones; and cells in brain and nerve tissues. including cholesterol, are carbon rings intermeshed with side chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipids-answer- are organic, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Triglycerides are composed-answer- one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
Fatty acids may be-answer- saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated, depending on the number of double bonds.
Phospholipids are composed of-answer- one glycerol molecule with only two fatty acids; the third spot contains a phosphate group.
All three types of lipids can be manufactured by-answer- the body, except for linolenic and linoleic fatty acids
linolenic and linoleic fatty acids-answer- found in triglycerides, which therefore are essential nutrients.
Digestion of lipids occurs mainly in the-answer- small intestine; absorption depends on the transportation of lipids through the lymph and blood circulatory systems.
Health concerns about dietary fat intake fall into several categories-answer- appropriate energ [Show Less]