Nutrition Exam 2 (NR 228) 2022 GRADED A
what are the water soluble vitamins - ANSWER ----B-complex vitamins, choline, and vit. C
what are the fat... [Show More] soluble vitamins - ANSWER ----A, D, E, K
which type of vitamins do you develop toxicity with - ANSWER ----fat soluble
Deficiency of any of these nutrients will affect overall blood health - ANSWER ----vit. B12,
iron,
folate,
zinc,
vit. B6,
copper,
vit. K active
Transport/storage of folate needed for heme and cell formation and other functions - ANSWER ----vit. B12 (cobalamin)
Distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin - ANSWER ----iron
Coenzyme metabolism (synthesis of amino acid, heme, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], ribonucleic acid [RNA]) and other functions - ANSWER ----folate (folic acid)
Cofactor for more than
200 enzymes, including
enzymes to make heme
in hemoglobin, genetic
material, and proteins - ANSWER ----zinc
Hemoglobin synthesis and other
functions - ANSWER ----vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
helps with iron use - ANSWER ----copper
Cofactor in synthesis of blood clotting factors; protein formation - ANSWER ----vit. K (active form)
what nutrients are required by the bone to maintain cellular structure - ANSWER ----vit. D, K, A, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and fluoride
bone mineralization - ANSWER ----vit. D
Protein formation for bone mineralization;
cofactor for blood clotting factors - ANSWER ----vit. K active
Bone growth;
maintains epithelial cells;
regulation of gene expression - ANSWER ----vit. A
Bone and tooth formation (component of hydroxyapatite)
Bone structure
increases stability of bone - ANSWER ----calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and fluoride
what vit. and minerals are needed to metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, and protein into energy - ANSWER ----thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), folate, cobalamin (B12), biotin, pantothenic acid, iodine, chromium, phosphorous, sulfur, iron, and zinc
Coenzyme energy metabolism;
muscle nerve action - ANSWER ----thiamin (B1)
Coenzyme energy metabolism - ANSWER ----riboflavin (B2)
Cofactor to enzymes involved in
energy metabolism; glycolysis
and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
cycle synthesis - ANSWER ----niacin (B3)
Forms coenzyme pyridoxal
phosphate (PLP) for energy
metabolism - ANSWER ----pyridoxine (B6)
Coenzyme metabolism
(synthesis of amino acid, heme,
deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA],
ribonucleic acid [RNA]) - ANSWER ----folate
Metabolism of fatty acids/amino
acids - ANSWER ----cobalamin (B12)
Part of coenzyme A - ANSWER ----Pantothenic acid (B5)
Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat,
and protein - ANSWER ----biotin
Thyroxine synthesis (thyroid hormone)
regulates growth and development; basal
metabolic rate (BMR) regulation - ANSWER ----iodine
fluid and electrolyte balance (acid-base balance) of body fluids is buffered by other minerals - ANSWER ----sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus
Major extracellular electrolyte for fluid regulation; body fluid levels; acid-base balance; nerve impulse and contraction; blood pressure/volume - ANSWER ----sodium
With sodium and chloride, major intracellular electrolyte for fluid regulation; muscle function - ANSWER ----potassium
acid-base balance - ANSWER ----chloride and phosphorus
no animal products of any type (no eggs or milk products)
requires variety of plant materials including nuts, legumes (dried peas and cooked beans); while consuming enough iron, zinc, calcium, vit. D, omega-3 fatty acids, and vit. B12 - ANSWER ----vegan
use milk and milk products but not eggs, meat, poultry, or fish - ANSWER ----lactovegetarian
exclude meat, poultry, and fish
consume eggs, milk, and other dairy products since they are not obtained by killing the animal - ANSWER ----ovo-lacto-vegetarian
include fish or chicken minimally
exclude red meat - ANSWER ----pescatarian
prefer vegetarian diets, but are willing to eat meat, fish, or chicken on occasion - ANSWER ----flexitarian
Energy metabolism (enzymes)
Component of protein structures
Distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin
Carbohydrate metabolism (insulin function);
cofactor to more than 200 enzymes - ANSWER ----phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, and iron
Carbohydrate metabolism, part of glucose tolerance
factor - ANSWER ----chromium
rec. daily increase of calories in second trimester pregnancy - ANSWER ----increase of 340 calories
rec. daily increase of calories in third trimester pregnancy - ANSWER ----increase of 452 calories
rec. daily increase of calories in postpartum breastfeeding mothers during first 6 months - ANSWER ----increase of 330 calories
rec. daily increase of calories in postpartum breastfeeding mothers during second 6 months - ANSWER ----increase of 400 calories
rec. daily caloric intake of protein during pregnancy - ANSWER ----20% of total intake or 71 g/day
rec. daily caloric intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy - ANSWER ----50% of total intake [Show Less]
