Exam 2: NR283 / NR 283 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade
... [Show More] -Chamberlain
QUESTION
which of the following Increase intracranial pressure
Answer:
meningitis (swelling), subdural hematoma (bleeding), brain tumor, and excessive spinal fluid.
QUESTION
what relieves pressure in the skull
Answer:
A basilar skull fracture relieves pressure by opening the skull, allowing cerebral spinal fluid to escape and space for movement inside the skull.
QUESTION
Body defense mechanism
Answer:
Warning of a problem when acute
QUESTION
Types of Pain: Visceral Pain
Answer:
originates in the organ
QUESTION
ischemia
Answer:
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
poor perfusion to the tissue/organ
QUESTION
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Answer:
Reticular information found in the pons &
medulla that makes the brain aware of incoming pain stimuli
QUESTION
gate control theory of pain
Answer:
•Gates at the nerve synapses are built into the normal pain pathways in the body that can modify the entry of pain stimuli into the spinal cord and brain.
•Open-permitting pain pulses
•Closed-reducing or modifying the passage of the pain impulses
•Occurs in response other sensory stimuli along competing nerve
pathways->diminish pain sensations by modulating or inhibiting impulses from higher centers in the brain Factors that can affect gate closure-prior conditioning, emotional state & distracting events
QUESTION
if increased intracranial pressure is suspected, which tests would you ex- pect to be ordered to identify these elevated pressures?
Answer:
Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head
QUESTION
treatment for increased intracranial pressure in acute management
Answer:
( Eg. hemorrhage, meningtis) = medication include diuretics, antiinflammatories , and anti-hypentensives. Surgeries = hematoma evacuation, cerebra spinal fluid drainage and "burr hole" to relieve pressure
QUESTION
Treatment for increased interracial pressure In chronic management
Answer:
Most common treatment is ventriculoperitoneal shunt
QUESTION
Seizures
Answer:
Are uncontrolled neurons firing in the brain
QUESTION
When is epilepsy diagnosed?
Answer:
After two or more unprovoked seizures occur- ring more than 24 hours apart
QUESTION
Seizures vs epilepsy
Answer:
Seizures are often acute and symptomatic, caused by an immediate pathological health problem (infection, fever, injury, hypoxia, etc.), seizures could be sign of epilepsy .While epilepsy is chronic and recurring and there is no other possible etiology for seizures.
QUESTION
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Answer:
most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
QUESTION
what happen during a seizures
Answer:
*there is change in permeability of the neu- ronal membrane
*neurotransmitter imbalances
*reduced ability of neurons to exercise inhibitory controls
*excitatory neurotransmitters over-powering inhibitory neurons.
QUESTION
Common causes of an acute symptomatic seizure
Answer:
*Immediately after a traumatic brain injury
Infection within the neurological system (e.g., meningitis)
*Electrolyte imbalances (common with severe hyponatremia)
*Severe hypoglycemia (especially after an insulin [Show Less]