Exam 1: NR283 / NR 283 (New 2024/2025 Update) Pathophysiology Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | A Grade
... [Show More] -Chamberlain
QUESTION
Define pathophysiological and physiological; what is the difference: Give examples of each
Answer:
pathophysiological: Study of physical & biological abnormalities occurring due to disease Ex: heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle
physiological: normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Ex: humans heart pumping blood to live
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hypernatremia
Answer:
-
Manifestations:
-Weakness, agitation
-Dry, rough mucous membranes
-edema
-Increased thirst (if thirst mechanism is functional)
-Increased blood pressure
Risk Factors:
-Imbalance in Na and H2O
-Insufficient ADH
-Results in large volume of dilute urine
-Loss of the thirst mechanism
-Watery diarrhea
-Prolonged periods of rapid respiration
-Ingestion of large amounts of sodium without enough water
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hyponatremia
Answer:
-
Manifestations:
-Cause fluid imbalance in compartments
-Fatigue
-muscle cramps
-abdominal discomfort
-cramps, nausea, vomiting
Risk Factors:
-losses of fluid from excessive sweating
-vomiting
-diarrhea
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hypokalemia
Answer:
Man- ifestations:
-Cardiac dysrhythmias
-Interference with neuromuscular function
-Muscles less responsive to stimuli
-Paresthesias
-Decreased digestive tract motility
Risk Factors:
-Diarrhea
-diuretics
-excessive aldosterone
-decreased dietary intake
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hyperkalemia
Answer:
Man- ifestations:
-Muscle twitching
-Weakness
-Fatigue, nausea, paresthesias
-Cardiac dysrhythmias
Risk Factors:
-Renal failure
-Deficit of aldosterone
-Leakage of intracellular potassium into extracellular fluids
-acidosis
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Hypercalcemia
Answer:
-
Manifestations:
-Depressed neuromuscular activity
-Interference with ADH function
-Increased strength in cardiac contractions
Risk Factors:
-Uncontrolled release of calcium ions from bones
-Hyperparathyroidism
-Demineralization caused by immobility
-Decrease stress on bone
-Increased calcium intake
QUESTION
What are the clinical manifestations and risk factors of Fluid overload
Answer:
-
Manifestations:
-localized swelling
-pale, gray or red skin
-weight gain
-slow, bounding pulse, high bp
Risk Factors:
-Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure [Show Less]