1. Critical appraisal of evidence involves which of the following?
a. Applicability
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. All of the above
Answer:
... [Show More] d
Rationale: Step 3 in the evidence based practice process is critical appraisal of the evidence from the search process. This involves assessing validity, reliability, and applicability of the studies evaluated.
Resource: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
2. Which of the following facilitates the advancement of evidence based practice?
a. Magnet recognition programs
b. AHRQ
c. USPSTF
d. b & c
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Rationale: The USPSTF consists of a panel of experts that reviews evidence and is sponsored by the AHRQ. The AHRQ conducts systematic reviews for the USPSTF. Conducting research and evidence based practice are critical for attaining magnet status in hospitals and therefore promotes EBP in a hospital setting.
Resource: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
3. In step 1 of EBP, questions are asked in PICOT format. What do these letters represent?
a. prediction, intervention, comparison, observation, and time
b. patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time
c. problem, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time
d. patient, intervention, comparison, observation, and time
Answer: b
Rationale: Clinical questions are asked in PICOT format. PICOT represents Patient population, Intervention or issue of interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, and Time frame.
Resource: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
4. According to the hierarchy of evidence, a systematic review of randomized control trials would be considered _____________ evidence.
a. Level I
b. Level II
c. Level III
d. Level IV
Answer: a
Rationale: The rating system for hierarchy of evidence consists of seven levels of evidence. The first level is evidence from a systematic review of RCTs. Level I is considered the highest level of evidence.
Resource: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
5. ______________ is a statistical approach to synthesizing the results of multiple studies to determine the true magnitude of an effect.
a. Randomized control trial
b. Reliability
c. Systematic review
d. Meta-analysis
Answer: d
Rationale: Unlike a systematic review, meta-analyses incorporate quantitative methods to summarize study results. A meta-analysis generates an overall summary statistic to measure the magnitude of an effect.
Resource: Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
6. A 27 year old female presents to the office with complaints of bilateral pressing, non-pulsatile headache pain of mild intensity. The pain usually lasts 30min-4hrs. Which headache type best describes her symptoms?
a. Cluster headache
b. Migraine with aura
c. Tension type
d. Migraine without aura
Answer: c
Rationale: Tension type headaches last 30min-7d and may have the following characteristics; pressing, non-pulsatile pain, bilateral location, and mild to moderate intensity.
Resource: Fitzgerald Health Education Associates, Inc.
7. When considering headache therapy, which of the following medications is migraine specific?
a. Beta blocker
b. tricyclic antidepressant
c. triptans
d. calcium channel blockers
Answer: c
Rationale: Triptans (selective serotonin agonists) are a primary treatment option specifically for migraines. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and tricyclic antidepressants are used as prophylactic controller medications.
Resource: Fitzgerald Health Education Associates, Inc.
8. Anticipated clinical findings in a patient with GERD includes all of the following except ________.
a. cough
b. weight loss
c. hoarseness
d. sore throat
Answer: b
Rationale: Presentation of patient with GERD includes dyspepsia, chest pain, post prandial fullness, chronic hoarseness, sore throat, cough, and wheezing.
Resource: Fitzgerald Health Education Associates, Inc.
9. A 66 year old male with a 3 day history of intermittent LLQ abdominal pain accompanied by cramping, nausea, fever, and 3-4 stools per day may have which clinical condition?
a. inflammatory bowel disease
b. acute pancreatitis
c. irritable bowel syndrome
d. diverticulitis
Answer: d
Rationale: Physical findings in a patient with diverticulitis include low grade fever, LLQ abdominal pain and loose stools.
Resource: Fitzgerald Health Education Associates, Inc. [Show Less]