Evidence Based Practice Exam #1
Review Questions And Answers 2022
What is Nursing Research? - ANS-The systematic, rigorous, logical investigation that
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aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena.
What is Clinical Nursing Research designed to do? - ANS-Generate evidence to
guide nursing practice and to improve the quality of care.
What is Evidence-Based Practice? - ANS-The collection, interpretation, and
integration of valid research evidence, combined with clinical expertise and an
understanding of patient and family values and preferences to inform clinical
decision making.
What is Clinical Decision Making? - ANS-Nurses using best available evidence,
combined with their clinical judgment and patient preferences to influence the nature
and direction of health care delivery, and document outcomes related to the quality
and cost effectiveness of patient care.
What is Quality Improvement? - ANS-The systematic use of data to monitor the
outcomes of care processes as well as the use of improvement methods to design
and test changes in practice, the aim of which is to continuously improve the quality
and safety of health care systems.
What is the role of Nurses in research? - ANS-Evaluate strengths & weaknesses of
research evidence & uses existing standards to determine the merit & readiness of
research for use in clinical practice.
What is the difference between Research, Evidence-Based Practice and Quality
Improvement Processes? - ANS-RP: Use appropriate design & specific methodology
to TEST RESEARCH HYPOTHESES AND ANSWER THE RESEARCH QUESTION
EBPP & QIP: Question is used to search literature for ALREADY COMPLETED
STUDIES to bring about improvements in care
What is the difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research? - ANSQuantitative: Aims to test cause & effect relationships between variables &
effectiveness of interventions, uses numeric data to describe phenomena, data
collected from a large number of subjects, uses an objective approach
Qualitative: Aims to understand meaning of a human experience, uses words to
describe experiences, data collected from a small number of subjects, uses a
subjective approach
What is the Research Process? - ANS-A series of steps of developing any kind of
research. Can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed.
What is a Systematic Research journal article? - ANS-A summation & assessment of
a group of studies that used similar designs based on a focused clinical question.
What is a Meta-Analysis journal article? - ANS-A summary of a number of studies
focused on a topic using a specific statistical methodology to synthesize findings in
order to draw conclusions.
What is an Integrative-Review journal article? - ANS-A focused review & synthesis of
literature without statistical analysis. Can include both qualitative & quantitative
articles.
What is a Meta-Synthesis journal article? - ANS-Synthesis of a number of qualitative
studies on a focused topic using specific qualitative methodology.
What is critical reading? - ANS-Refers to a careful, active, reflective, analytic
reading.
What is critical thinking? - ANS-Involves reflecting on the validity of what you have
read in light of our prior knowledge and understanding of the world.
What is a preliminary understanding level of critical reading? - ANS-Familiarize
yourself with the study. Skim abstract and article.
What is a comprehensive understanding level of critical reading? - ANS-Understand
research purpose/intent, clarify unfamiliar terms/concepts.
What is an analysis understanding level of critical reading? - ANS-Understand parts,
critique soundness.
What is a synthesis understanding level of critical reading? - ANS-Understand whole
article & each step of Research Process.
What is a critique? - ANS-Process of objectively & critically evaluating a research
report's content for scientific validity or merit & application to practice, theory &
education.
What are critiquing criteria? - ANS-Standards, appraisal guides, or questions used to
judge/assess an article.
Critical reading requires four stages of understanding. What is the last stage? - ANSSynthesis
What is an assessment of a group of research studies that test a similar research
question? - ANS-Systematic Review
What is an Evidence Hierarchy Model? - ANS-A model for rating level of evidence,
associated with a study's design which helps nurses think about strengths &
weaknesses of a study & nature of evidence provided in the findings & conclusions.
What is the difference between Level I and Level VII of Evidence? - ANS-Level I:
(Narrow) Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Evidence based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews.
Level VII: (Broad- anyone can say anything) Opinion of authorities and/or reports of
expert committees.
What is the first step in research or evidence-based practice? - ANS-Defining a
problem and asking a question.
What is PICO? - ANS-P- patient or problem
I- intervention, cause or prognosis
C- comparison or control
O- outcome or results
What is the PICO of the following question: "In infants born prematurely, compared
to those born at full term, what is the subsequent lifetime prevalence of sensory
deafness?" - ANS-P- Infants
I- Premature
C- Full term
O- Sensory deafness
What is the PICO of the following question: "In patients with recurrent furunculosis,
do prophylactic antibiotics, compared to no treatment, reduce the recurrence rate?" -
ANS-P- Patients with recurrent furunculosis
I- prophylactic antibiotics.
C- No treatment
O- Reduction in recurrence of furunculosis
What is a Research Problem? - ANS-Enigmatic, perplexing, or troubling condition.
What is a Research Question? - ANS-Specific queries researchers want to answer in
addressing the research problem.
What is a Purpose? - ANS-Researcher's summary of the overall goal. May identify
several aims/ objectives.
What is a Hypothesis? - ANS-Specific prediction about answers to the research
questions.
What are the steps in developing a Research Question? - ANS--Define a specific
question area
-Review relevant literature
-Examine potential significance of the question to nursing.
-Pragmatically examine feasibility of studying a research question.
What are the three characteristics of a well developed Research Question? - ANS-1.
The variables being considered are clearly identified.
2. The population being studied is specified.
3. The possibility of empirical testing is implied.
What is the criteria for examining significance of research question? - ANSKnowledge derived from the study should have potential benefits for patients,
medical personnel & society.
What is the criteria for examining feasibility of research question? - ANS-Is there
TIME?
Is the population of INTEREST available?
Are facilities, equipment, and MONEY adequate?
Does the researcher have the EXPERIENCE and skills necessary?
Are there ETHICAL DIFFICULTIES?
What is the difference between an Independent and a Dependent variable? - ANSIndependent Variable- (X) The presumed cause, has effect on dependent variable,
predictor variable, control variable, varied or manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variable- (Y) The presumed effect/result, changes in response to
independent variable, response variable, outcome variable, being observed or
measured.
Changes in X do NOT necessarily CAUSE changes in Y.
What is an example of a Correlation research question? - ANS-Is there a relationship
between pain and functional disability in black and white adults? (Quantitative)
What is an example of a Comparative research question? - ANS-Do mothers who
receive home based nursing intervention for infant irritability report less parenting
stress tan mothers who did not receive the intervention? (Quantitative)
What is an example of an Experimental research question? - ANS-What is the
difference in physical, social & emotional adjustment in women with breast cancer
who have received PSS education by video vs by telephone counseling?
(Quantitative)
What is an example of an Phenomenological research question? - ANS-What is the
meaning of the health care provider relationship for women with chronic illness &
how they believe it affected their health? (Qualitative)
Identify the variables of the following question: "What is the effect of patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA) on pain ratings by postoperative patients?" - ANS-IV:
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
DV: Pain ratings
Identify the variables of the following question: "Is there a relationship between pain
and functional disability in black and white older adults?" - ANS-IV: Pain
DV: Functional disability
What is the definition of a Theoretical/Conceptual variable? - ANS-Presents abstract
or theoretical meaning of concepts being studied.
What is the definition of an Operational variable? - ANS-Specifies operations that
researchers must perform to collect required information. Characterized by using
"measured by".
What are the characteristics of a good research Hypothesis? - ANS--Relationship
Statement
-Testable
-Theory base
-Wording clear, simple & concise terms... [Show Less]