functional relationships are in the realm of SCD T/F - ANSWER-false
a parametric analysis evaluates what? - ANSWER-sustainability of the IV
a
... [Show More] functional relation is the relationship between what? - ANSWER-a treatment and behavior
which effect is least likely to be a threat to validity in ABA? ** - ANSWER-diffusion
which measure of behavior provides most accurate counts? - ANSWER-permanent product
what is the number 1 contributor to artifacts? - ANSWER-human error
which discontinuous measure is related to momentary time sampling, but used with groups? - ANSWER-PLACHECK
if a BCBA needs to target high rates of physical stereotypy which measure would likely be best? - ANSWER-partial interval recording
if a BCBA is interested in increasing time spent writing an essay what data collection method would be best? - ANSWER-duration
T/F the dead person's test states that anything unobservable is NOT behavior? - ANSWER-false
which component of a research paper meets the "technological" dimensions of ABA? - ANSWER-methods
T/F the results section includes tables and figures to provide concise analysis of data? - ANSWER-true
a research paper should provide what type of questions? - ANSWER-open ended questions
when citing two authors in a manuscript you should follow which format - ANSWER-Last & Last, year
e.g. Williams & Williams, 2017
T/F Disseminating ABA through conferences, or manuscripts is the responsibility of all BCBAs and students of ABA? - ANSWER-true
stretching the horizontal axis on a line graph make the data appear in which manner? - ANSWER-slow increasing trend
which of the following is not a level of scientific understanding? - ANSWER-data
which attitude of science suggests we should test our hypothesis? - ANSWER-experimentation
which measure of behavior is related to temporal extent? - ANSWER-duration
temporal locus is related to - ANSWER-latency and IRT
why do we stagger the intervention in a multiple baseline? - ANSWER-to demonstrate latency to change and determine if there is a functional relation
ABAB design - ANSWER-AKA reversal design or withdrawal design. "A" represents a return to baseline and can demonstrate a functional relation. the behavior should change when treatment is removed back to baseline. little likelihood than an outside factor created the change. verifies and replicates findings
alternating treatments design - ANSWER-
changing criterion design - ANSWER-
multiple probe design - ANSWER-
multiple baseline design - ANSWER-variation of the AB design, can be conducted across participants, behaviors, or settings. treatment is constant regardless
generality - ANSWER-a behavioral change may be said to have generality if it proves durable over time, if it appears in a wide variety of possible environments, and/or if it spreads to a wide variety of related behaviors
effective - ANSWER-interventions are effective when they improve a behavior in a practical matter. If the application of behavioral techniques does not produce large enough effects for practical value, then the application has failed
maturation - ANSWER-physical changes
testing effects - ANSWER-change in behavior due to repeated exposure of the experimental arrangement
technological - ANSWER-Procedures are described clearly and concisely so that others may implement the procedures accurately.
applied - ANSWER-A behavior change is applied when it enhances and improves the everyday life of a learner, and those who are closest to a learner (e.g., parents, siblings, peers), by improving a socially significant behavior
conceptually systematic - ANSWER-Interventions are consistent with the principles demonstrated in the literature and the research
analytic - ANSWER-Using data to make informed decisions. The practitioner is able to show that whenever he/she applies a certain variable, the behavior is produced, and whenever he/she removes this variable, the behavior is lost
behavioral - ANSWER-the behavior chosen must also be observable and measurable
how do you establish experimental control? - ANSWER-
hypothetical constructs and circular reasoning - ANSWER-
thorndike - ANSWER-
how to demonstrate a functional relation in a multiple baseline design - ANSWER-the behavior change occurs when the IV is introduced. the chances of an extraneous variable influencing the DV repeatedly is highly unlikely. if baseline changes an extraneous variable has influenced results
determinents to group design - ANSWER-
baseline logic - ANSWER-experimental reasoning for SCD. if we do nothing the DV will continue in the same pattern
line graph - ANSWER-all measures can appear
bar graph - ANSWER-comparisons
cumulative record - ANSWER-measures frequency
standard celeration chart - ANSWER-measures frequency, count, duration, or latency
scatterplot - ANSWER-occurrence in time
which attitude of science states that the universe operates in an orderly fashion? - ANSWER-determinism
which level of understanding is considered the highest? - ANSWER-control
which threat to validity is related to practice effects? - ANSWER-testing effects
which type of research relies on large numbers of participants? - ANSWER-group design
which type of research relies on anecdotal accounts of behavior? - ANSWER-qualitative research
which threat to validity is related to losing participants throughout the study? - ANSWER-attrition
T/F group design demonstrates a correlation by relating variables to outcomes? - ANSWER-true
which threat to validity includes changes to the measurement system after the introduction of the LV? - ANSWER-instrumentation
single case design uses - ANSWER-visual analysis, small numbers of participants, and its baseline serves as it's own control
what should a BCBA do once baseline is steady? - ANSWER-introduce treatment
T/F group design will provide a reason for the outcome of a study? - ANSWER-false
maturation refers to what effect? - ANSWER-physical changes
what are ways to minimize threats to validity? - ANSWER-measurement, stability, and immediacy of effects
which type of research focuses on correlations? - ANSWER-group design
a component analysis does what? - ANSWER-withdraws (or adds) components of an intervention
T/F ideally, baseline data provides a series of observations with little variability - ANSWER-true
how would you collect data on a tantrum? - ANSWER-duration
how would you collect data on instances of aggression? - ANSWER-count
how would you collect data on completing a worksheet in class? - ANSWER-count
how would you collect data on steps taken per day? - ANSWER-count
temporal extent is related to which measure of behavior? - ANSWER-duration
partial interval recording is a type of - ANSWER-discontinuous measurement
T/F additional training of data collectors may be required to ensure that accurate data collection is occurring - ANSWER-true
which measure of behavior accounts for both time and count? - ANSWER-frequency/rate
you should use partial interval recording with what type of behavior? - ANSWER-behavior to decrease
what is the acceptable benchmark for IOA? - ANSWER-80%
which type of measures are more likely to produce artifacts - ANSWER-discontinuous measures
temporal locus is related to which measure of behavior? - ANSWER-IRT
T/F when selecting a measurement system you should only consider which will provide the most thorough information? - ANSWER-false
which is the number one contributor to artifacts? - ANSWER-human error
the introduction of a research paper includes what compnents? - ANSWER-provides an argument for why the topic is important
T/F the results section of a manuscript includes explanations of why the data look the way they do? - ANSWER-false
what section of a research paper should you read first? - ANSWER-results
what is the correct way to do an in-text citation for manuscripts with 3 or more authors in the second citation? - ANSWER-last, et al., year
e.g. Williams, et al., 2017
T/F when looking for studies that meet criteria for your paper, you may have to pay for some - ANSWER-false
which is the basis for all other SCD? - ANSWER-AB design
which graph was developed by Skinner? - ANSWER-cumulative record
T/F bar graphs represent time series data - ANSWER-false
in ABAB design, what letter represents baseline? - ANSWER-A
what behavior would be best analyzed using an ABAB design - ANSWER-aggression
T/F the multiple probe design relies on continuous length measures of baseline? - ANSWER-false, it relies on intermittent measures
In the following design, ABABCABCB what does the "C" stand for? - ANSWER-treatment 2
when making a change to an intervention you should have a minimum of how many data points to make a decision? - ANSWER-3
which threat to validity develops from changes in the participant? - ANSWER-maturation
which threat to validity develops from participants choosing to be apart of an experiment? - ANSWER-selection bias
which data collection method includes looking up at a predetermined interval and score if the target response has occurred or not? - ANSWER-momentary time sampling
what data collection system best describes the following formula: count/time? - ANSWER-frequency
partial interval recording will likely do what to behavior? - ANSWER-overestimate
what is the minimum acceptable amount of IOA data to collect? - ANSWER-33%
the IV best represents what in ABA experiments? - ANSWER-intervention
T/F it is possible to demonstrate a functional relation using an AB design with one participant? - ANSWER-false
T/F we should always use an ABAB design because it is the strongest single case design? - ANSWER-false
which assessment is best to display on a bar graph? - ANSWER-preference assessment
a standard celeration chart can produce what type of measurement? - ANSWER-celeration
which design can demonstrate the strongest functional relation? - ANSWER-ABAB design
T/F the AB design is the basis of all other SCD? - ANSWER-true
T/F both SCD and GD demonstrate functional relations? - ANSWER-false
the changing criterion design has what feature that can help strengthen the argument that a functional relation can take place? - ANSWER-bi-directional change
baseline logic suggests what? - ANSWER-if an intervention is not introduced behavior will occur in a predictable pattern
group design is related to what level of scientific understanding? - ANSWER-prediction
SCD relates to what level of scientific understanding? - ANSWER-control
T/F line graphs are the most common graphs found in ABA? - ANSWER-true
T/F in ABA there is a distinction between research and practice? - ANSWER-false
T/F replication can occur within and across studies? - ANSWER-true
According to Skinner, many experimenters have answered profound questions they did not specifically ask, due to what practice? - ANSWER-The experimenters willingness to follow the data
Single case design is different than a case history because a case history derives its conclusions based on ____________________; whereas, single case design derives its conclusions by __________________________. - ANSWER-correlations; experimental control
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: previous knowledge in the field - ANSWER-introduction
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Most of your citations - ANSWER-introduction
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Procedures - ANSWER-methods
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Research questions and purpose - ANSWER-introduction
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: List of all of the literature cited - ANSWER-references
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Design used - ANSWER-methods
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Outcomes of study without interpretation or explanation - ANSWER-results
Which section of a peer reviewed paper would you find the following: Interpretations of the findings - ANSWER-discussion
_____________________involves a clear experimental question, a plan for measuring and recording the variables, analysis of the results, and critical peer review. - ANSWER-experimentation
T/F If you read a Skinner quote in Cooper, Heron, and Heward (2019) and want to paraphrase it, you need to cite Cooper et al.,as well - ANSWER-true
Which section of a the methods would you find the following: Description of how the research accounted for the extent in which changes in the intervention caused a change in the measured behavior - ANSWER-validity
Which section of the methods would you find the following: IOA was 80% and was taken for 33% of the sessions - ANSWER-reliability
Which section of the methods would you find the following: This study utilized multiple baseline across participants. - ANSWER-design
Establishing a clear pattern of behavior during ___________________ sets the occasion for introducing the independent variable and studying its effect on behavior. - ANSWER-baseline
___________________ replication refers to the repetition of an experimental manipulation either within or between participants. - ANSWER-direct
___________________ replication refers to a component of a previous study being altered in order to determine if the change has an effect on the behavior analyzed. - ANSWER-systematic
Which type of experimental question is the following: Will a token economy increase responding in the classroom? - ANSWER-demonstration
Which type of experimental question is the following: Will functional communication training alone or functional communication training with a multiple schedule of reinforcement decrease escape behavior? - ANSWER-comparison
Which type of experimental question is the following: What effect will verbal praise have on responding behavior when faded from 1 minute to 5 minutes to 10 minutes - ANSWER-parametric
_________________ behavior is a fundamental aspect of the single-case research process. - ANSWER-quantifying
the amount of time between the stimulus and the response - ANSWER-latency
Mrs. Bradley is having difficulty with getting Richard to get up and brush his teeth when asked. She read of a great intervention and needs to determine the best measurement system. Which would you recommend? - ANSWER-latency
Sarah's preschool decided to work on decreasing her crying behavior when she was dropped off at school. What measurement system would you recommend? - ANSWER-duration
Mr. Umberto is working on a precision teaching curriculum for reading in his classroom and needs to determine the best measurement system. What would you recommend? - ANSWER-celeration
What recording system would you use to document duration? - ANSWER-stopwatch
What recording system would you use to document if the dishwasher was emptied? - ANSWER-permanent product
If a quotation has more than _____ words, it must be displayed in a freestanding block of text and omit __________. - ANSWER-40; quotation marks
T/F You should not highlight areas of previous research that are deficient, as this is considered disrespectful to fellow researchers - ANSWER-false
Which design is appropriate when reversibility is a concern? - ANSWER-multiple baseline
Which design would you recommend: A teacher wants to determine which instructional delivery method increases correct math facts? - ANSWER-multielement
Which design would you recommend: A clinician wants to determine if a token economy will help address (3) behaviors targeted for increase. - ANSWER-multiple baseline
Which design would you recommend: An RBT wants to determine if classical music playing in the background increases worksheets completed. - ANSWER-reversal
Which design would you recommend: A BCaBA wants to determine if concept mapping or outlining increase number of words in an essay. - ANSWER-multielement
Multiple-probe design is a variation of - ANSWER-multiple baseline
When would you use a B-A-B design instead of an A-B-A-B design? - ANSWER-when treatment is already in place
It is suggested to only change ____________ variable(s) at a time. - ANSWER-1 [Show Less]