CRAT Exam 65 Questions with Verified Answers
Chronotropic - CORRECT ANSWER heart rate
Inotropic - CORRECT ANSWER force of myocardial
... [Show More] contractility
Dromotropic - CORRECT ANSWER conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during systole.
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - CORRECT ANSWER (HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
Venous return - CORRECT ANSWER amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic ciruclation
Blood Pressure- definition - CORRECT ANSWER force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - CORRECT ANSWER (cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - CORRECT ANSWER flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - CORRECT ANSWER spastic contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - CORRECT ANSWER atrial kick
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - CORRECT ANSWER Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - CORRECT ANSWER Right and left ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus - CORRECT ANSWER The right atrium
The right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation
The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer layer of the heart wall called the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Visceral, epicardium
When a ventricle relaxes in the normal heart, blood is prevented from flowing back into it by - CORRECT ANSWER A semilunar valve
Which of the following conditions are potentially reversible? - CORRECT ANSWER Myocardial ischemia and myocardial injury
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart that lines its inner chambers, valves and is continuous with the innermost layers of the arteries, veins and capillaries of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Endocardium
Which of the following statements is CORRECT - CORRECT ANSWER A branch of the right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and the right ventricle
The main electrolytes that affect cardiac function are - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium
When an ECG machine is properly calibrated, a 1-millivolt (mV) electrical signal will produce a deflection measuring exactly ______ tall. - CORRECT ANSWER Ten millimeters
The ST segment is measured from - CORRECT ANSWER The end of the QRS to the beginning of the T wave
Where is the positive electrode placed in Lead III? - CORRECT ANSWER Left leg/foot
Five large boxes, each consisting of five small boxes, represent _____ on ECG paper. - CORRECT ANSWER One second
Another term for ventricular escape rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER Idioventricular Rhythm (IVR)
Agonal rhythm - CORRECT ANSWER IVR with HR < 20 bpm
HR for IVR (ventricular escape rhythm) - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40 bpm
Signs and symptoms experienced during a tachydysrhythmia are usually primarily related to: - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased ventricular filling time and stroke volume
The most common type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) - CORRECT ANSWER AV nodal reentrant tachycarida (AVNRT)
Which of the following rhythm originates in the SA node and is commonly phasic with breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus arrhythmia
HR Range: Idioventricular, Acc Idioventricular, and Vtach - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40, 41-100, 101+
HR Range: Juncitonal, Acc Junctional, and Junctional Tach - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60, 61-100, 101+
Intrinsic rate of SA node - CORRECT ANSWER 60-100 bpm
Intrinsic rate of AV node - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60 bpm
Intrinsic rate of Purkinje fibers (ventricles) - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40 bpm
2 types of v-tach - CORRECT ANSWER monomorphic (all the same) and polymorphic (looks like a spindle)
Torsades de Pointes is a type of ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER poltmorphic v-tach
Rhythm that has no pattern at all. Waveforms cannot be identified. - CORRECT ANSWER V-fib
If R is far from P, then you have - CORRECT ANSWER 1st degree
Longer, longer, longer, drop, then you have a - CORRECT ANSWER Wenckebache (mobitz 1, 2nd degree type 1)
If some p's don't get through, then you have a - CORRECT ANSWER Mobitz 2 (2nd degree type 2)
If p's and r's dont agree, then you have a - CORRECT ANSWER 3rd degree
The two types of blocks where PR intervals are all identical - CORRECT ANSWER 1st degree, and 2nd degree type 2
A 3rd degree block will either be ______ with a narrow QRS or _____ with a wide QRS. - CORRECT ANSWER Junctional or ventricular. And PR interval has no consistency.
A ____ pause follows a PAC. - CORRECT ANSWER incomplete. SA node resets its rhythm.
A ____ pause follows a PVC. - CORRECT ANSWER complete. Before and after premature beat is the same as 2 r-r intervals
Compensatory pause - CORRECT ANSWER sinus node timing is not interrupted, and next sinus impulse is conducted on time
Non-compensatory pause - CORRECT ANSWER SA node resets its timing, and the following P wave may appear earlier than expected.
Delta wave - CORRECT ANSWER The slurred effect of.... An accessory conduction pathway is present between the atria and the ventricles, with rapid conduction of electrical impulses to the ventricles. These rapid impulses create a slurring of the initial portion of the QRS. Sign of WPW syndrome (AVRT)
For an irregular heart rate: Count the number of QRS complexes over a ________. - CORRECT ANSWER 6 second interval. Multiply by 10 to determine heart rate.
Augmented leads - CORRECT ANSWER (aVR, aVL, aVF) measure positive electrical charges through a single electrode and a reference point having zero activity.
Sinus exit block - CORRECT ANSWER block that results in a dropped beat that is a multiple of the P - P interval, after the dropped beat, the rhythm continues regularly
It is NOT a non-conducted PAC if...... - CORRECT ANSWER the p-waves are on time. (ex. Second degree type 1 AV block)
Bundle branch block - CORRECT ANSWER either the left or right ventricles may depolarize late, creating a wide, notched QRS.
Third degree AV block - CORRECT ANSWER Conduction between the atria and the ventricles is totally absent because of complete electrical block at or below the AV node. This is known as AV dissociation. Complete heart block is another name for this.
Ventricular Fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER no ventricular depolarization or contraction. Small baseline amplitude= fine. Large amplitude= coarse.
Torsade de Pointes - CORRECT ANSWER (twisting of points)- polymorphic v-tach that looks like spindles.
Multiform - CORRECT ANSWER PVC's with different shapes
QT interval represents... - CORRECT ANSWER time of ventricular activity, including both depolarization and repolarization [Show Less]