When describing the global framework, which of the following would the community health nurse be least likely to include?
A) Population
B) Provider
C)
... [Show More] Procedure
D) Physician
D) Physician
Feedback:
The global framework is bounded by a context and includes three parts, the three "Ps." These are the population, the provider, and the procedure. Physician would be included as a provider.
When applying the Universal Imperatives of Care, which of the following would be the priority?
A) Mortality
B) Daily functioning
C) Decision making
D) Cost
A) Mortality
Feedback:
The Universal Imperatives of Care include mortality, morbidity, daily functioning, decision making, and cost. This paradigm underscores the notion of first things first. That is, one must be alive and well before interventions focus on functioning or decision making.
A nursing student is considering a career in international community health nursing. Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the context of international community health nursing? Select all that apply.
A) Global community health care is complex and is affected by multiple factors relating to geography, history, politics, culture, religion, and economy.
B) The types of services that can be provided include a range from providing clinical services to policy making at an international level.
C) People's conception of health, wellness, and illness are static from culture to culture.
D) By looking through a computer window, the student is able to see almost anyplace, connect to about any person, and access information about almost any concept.
E) The ways in which people view nurses and other health care providers are affected by their attitudes toward women, their culture, and belief systems.
A) Global community health care is complex and is affected by multiple factors relating to geography, history, politics, culture, religion, and economy.
B) The types of services that can be provided include a range from providing clinical services to policy making at an international level.
D) By looking through a computer window, the student is able to see almost anyplace, connect to about any person, and access information about almost any concept.
E) The ways in which people view nurses and other health care providers are affected by their attitudes toward women, their culture, and belief systems.
Feedback:
The following statements are true: Global community health care is complex and is affected by multiple factors relating to geography, history, politics, culture, religion, and economy; The types of services that can be provided include a range from providing clinical services to policy making at an international level; By looking through a computer window, the student is able to see almost anyplace, connect to about any person, and access information about almost any concept; The ways in which people view nurses and other health care providers are affected by their attitudes toward women, their culture, and belief systems. The statement that people's conceptions of health are static from culture to culture is false. Indeed, people's conceptions of health, wellness, and illness vary from culture to culture.
A community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a community group about tuberculosis (TB) and its current epidemic status. Which of the following would the nurse include in the presentation about this disease?
A) TB kills about 1.7 million people each year.
B) All persons who are infected by the causative organism become ill and can spread the causative organism to others throughout the remainder of their lifetime.
C) Three fourths of the world's population is thought to be currently infected by the causative organism.
D) The highest number of deaths is in Eastern Europe.
A) TB kills about 1.7 million people each year.
Feedback:
TB kills approximately 1.7 million people each year. Only 5 to 10 of those infected become ill or can spread the causative organism to others within their lifetime. One third of the world's population is thought to be currently infected by the causative organism (tubercle bacillus). The highest number of deaths occur in Africa.
A community health nurse has identified noise as an environmental hazard. Using the Blumenthal classification, the nurse would identify this as which of the following class?
A) Infectious agents
B) Asphyxiates
C) Poison
D) Physical agents
D) Physical agents
Feedback:
The Blumenthal classification lists classes of environmental hazards. They include infectious agents (e.g., bacteria and viruses), respiratory fibrotic agents (e.g., coal dust), asphyxiates (e.g., carbon monoxide), poison (e.g., pesticides), physical agents (e.g., noise), psychological agents (stressful synergisms such as crowding combined with noise), mutagens (e.g., dioxin), teratogens (e.g., cadmium), and carcinogens (e.g., cigarette smoke)
Which one of the following factors has resulted in the Era of Chronic Long-Term Health Conditions?
A) Decreased usage of tobacco by young populations
B) Despite programs of control, many infectious diseases persist with many people surviving to experience chronic, long-term conditions secondary to the infectious disease.
C) Shorter life expectancies due to chronic diseases
D) Death from infectious diseases results in a decrease in degenerative diseases.
B) Despite programs of control, many infectious diseases persist with many people surviving to experience chronic, long-term conditions secondary to the infectious disease.
Feedback:
Despite the programs of control, many infectious diseases persist. However, populations now survive and also experience chronic, long-term conditions. These conditions affect mortality and morbidity, daily functioning, decision making, and cost. Thus, the longevity that has resulted from meeting the challenges of the Era of Infectious Diseases compounds the more recent emergence of chronic diseases in the many countries. The emergence of multidrug resistant diseases, continued persistence of infectious disease, and urbanization with deforestation have resulted in new and emerging infectious diseases and conditions.
When reviewing statistics about illnesses worldwide, which of the following would the nurse identify as the most common and a leading cause of mortality?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Smallpox
C) Acute respiratory tract infection
D) Infectious diarrheal disease
C) Acute respiratory tract infection
Feedback:
The most common illness in the world and a leading cause of mortality is acute respiratory tract infection (ARI). Three million deaths annually are attributed to ARI among children younger than 5 years of age, usually from pneumonia. Tuberculosis is considered epidemic today. Smallpox has been eradicated. Infectious diarrheal disease has been reduced due to oral rehydration therapy and improvements in water and sanitation.
Which of the following interventions would a community health nurse be involved with to help achieve a reduction in the number of measles deaths worldwide?
A) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (MCI)
B) Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization
C) Oral rehydration therapy
D) Geographical information systems
A) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (MCI)
Feedback:
The MCI is the intervention considered to have the greatest impact in reducing measles. It provides wide immunization coverage, rapid referral of serious cases, prompt recognition of secondary conditions, and improved nutrition and vitamin A supplementation. The Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization is an interagency initiative that seeks to protect every child against vaccine-preventable diseases. This initiative addresses all of these types of diseases. Oral rehydration therapy has been used to reduce mortality associated with diarrheal diseases. Geographical information systems is not a program but a means to monitor diseases.
Which one of the following statements about poliomyelitis is the most accurate?
A) Polio is not endemic in any countries at present.
B) Polio has been eliminated worldwide.
C) Rotary International has contributed no funds but many hours of manpower to eradicate polio.
D) Polio has been eliminated from the Western hemisphere.
D) Polio has been eliminated from the Western hemisphere.
Feedback:
Polio has been eliminated from the Western Hemisphere. It is now almost eliminated worldwide. Polio is endemic in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Rotary International has contributed over $900 million dollars to help eradicate this disease.
A community health nurse is reading a journal article about global health and communicable diseases. The article states that elimination is the goal. The nurse interprets this to mean which of the following?
A) There are no further cases of the disease anywhere.
B) No further preventive efforts are necessary.
C) The disease is no longer a public health threat.
D) The disease has been interrupted in a geographic area.
D) The disease has been interrupted in a geographic area.
Feedback:
The term elimination is used when a disease has been interrupted in a defined geographic area. In 1991, WHO defined elimination as a reduction of prevalence to less than one case per 1 million population in a given area. Eradication means interruption of person-to-person transmission and limitation of the reservoir of infection so that no further preventive efforts are required; it indicates a status whereby no further cases of a disease occur anywhere. The term control indicates that a specific disease has ceased to be a public health threat.
A community health nurse instructs a local community group on how to prepare homemade oral rehydration solution. Which of the following ingredients would the nurse include?
A) Sea water
B) Table salt
C) Baking soda
D) Crushed bananas
B) Table salt
Feedback:
Oral rehydration solution consists of 1 L of safe water to which is added half small teaspoon of salt, and four large spoons of sugar. In addition, bananas or green coconut water are encouraged to compensate for the loss of potassium. [Show Less]