1. According to the American Journal of Public Health, what were the leading causes of death in 1875?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
1) Infant diarrhea 2) Pulm... [Show More] onary tuberculosis (TB) 3) Influenza 4) Heart disease 5) AIDS
Feedback 1: Answer 1 is correct. Infant diarrhea was a leading cause of death in 1875.
Feedback 2: Answer 2 is correct: Pulmonary TB was a leading cause of death in 1875.
Feedback 3: Answer 3 is correct: Acute respiratory diseases (such as influenza) were a leading cause of death in 1875.
Feedback 4: Answer 4 is incorrect. Heart disease is the leading cause of death today, but it was not in 1875.
Feedback 5: Answer 5 is incorrect. AIDS is not known to have existed in 1875.
2.Which organization is known as the public health arm of the United Nations (U.N.)?
1) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2) American Medical Association (AMA) 3) World Health Organization (WHO) 4) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the public health arm of the U.N.
3.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was established after World War II to help control what disease?
1) Typhoid fever 2) Malaria 3) AIDS 4) Influenza
The CDC was established in 1946 after World War II to help control malaria.
4.Place the following events in chronological order (1-4):
The Social Security Act is passed into law.
The CDC is established.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is established.
Hurricane Katrina devastates New Orleans.
The Social Security Act was passed in 1935, making this event first chronologically. Next was the establishment of the CDC in 1946. Two years later, in 1948, the World Health Organization was established. Finally, Hurricane Katrina occurred in 2005.
5.Federal law mandates that all local public health departments provide specific activities to protect the health of its citizens. Which of the following is not a federally mandated activity?
1) Reporting of specific diseases 2) Outbreak investigation 3) Quarantine 4) Public sanitation
Local health departments oversee public sanitation, but it is not a federally mandated activity.
6.Which nurse is responsible for the earliest developments of public health nursing?
1) Jean Watson 2) Hildegard Peplau 3) Florence Nightingale 4) Lavinia Dock
Florence Nightingale is lesser known for her work as a sanitarian, social reformer, and a promoter of health reform. She was responsible for the earliest developments of public health nursing.
7.Which of the following is a true statement regarding aging populations and public health?
1) The majority of elderly people live in nursing homes. 2) Aging populations tend to see an increase in noncommunicable (chronic) illnesses. 3) Aging populations tend to see a decrease in noncommunicable (chronic) illnesses. 4) Aging populations are not a challenge when dealing with public health.
Aging populations see an increase in chronic illnesses.
8.What term refers to the science of diseases in man?
1) Podiatry 2) Endocrinology 3) Epidemiology 4) Orthopedics
Epidemiology refers to the science of diseases in man.
9.A public health nurse (PHN) is going over data on community health in a local neighborhood. She notices high rates of poverty and obesity and a prevalence of fast food restaurants. Conditions in the social environment that can create poor health are referred to by what term?
1) Upstream 2) Downstream 3) Midstream 4) Environmental justice
Upstream refers to determinants of health that are somewhat removed from the downstream biological and behavioral basis for disease.
10.A PHN will present a seminar on birth control methods for young adults in their community. What is the first thing the PHN should do to prepare for the lecture?
1) Buy condoms to distribute to the class. 2) Teach abstinence only because this is in line with the PHN's personal beliefs. 3) Assess the cultural beliefs of young adults in the community. 4) Get permission from the parents to teach this seminar.
Assessment is always the first step in the nursing process. The PHN should assess the cultural and religious beliefs of the community concerning birth control to prepare an appropriate seminar.
11.Which two disasters in the 21st century brought new challenges and trends to the way public health is practiced today?
1) Hurricane Katrina and September 11, 2001 (9-11) 2) Hurricanes Sandy and Katrina 3) September 11, 2001 (9-11) and the space shuttle Challenger explosion 4) Hurricane Katrina and the Staten Island Ferry crash
The 9-11 terrorist attacks in 2001 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 brought new challenges and trends to public health in the 21st century.
12.Which nurse coined the term public health nurse?
1) Florence Nightingale 2) Lillian Wald 3) Martha Rogers 4) Clara Barton
Lillian Wald helped establish a direct nursing service called the Henry Street Settlement in 1893, which led to the formalization of public health nursing. She coined the term.
Florence Nightingale was responsible for the earliest development of public health nursing, but she did not coin the term public health nursing. Martha Rogers developed the nursing theory known as the science of unitary human beings. She did not coin the term public health nursing. Clara Barton helped establish the Red Cross but did not coin the term public health nursing.
13.The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report on public health in 1988 titled The Future of the Public's Health. It identified three core functions to encompass the purpose of public health. Which of the following was not one of the core functions listed?
1) Assessment 2) Policy development 3) Assurance 4) Planning
Planning is not a core function.
Assessment is a core function. It focuses on the systematic collection, analysis, and monitoring of health problems and needs. Policy development is a core function. It refers to using scientific knowledge to develop comprehensive public health policies. Assurance is a core function. It refers to assuring constituents that public health agencies provide services necessary to achieve agreed upon goals.
14.What government health insurance program was established to provide health care to people aged 65 and over?
1) Medicaid 2) Medicare 3) Women, Infants, Children (WIC) 4) Social Security
Medicare was established in the 1960s as a government health insurance program for people aged 65 and over.
Medicaid is a government health insurance program for those who cannot afford medical care. WIC is a food stamp program. Social Security is a retirement fund.
15.PHN Core Competencies lists eight domains that help reflect the standards for public health nursing practice. Which of the following are parts of the eight domains?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.1) Communication 2) Cultural competency 3) Exercise and nutrition 4) Analytic assessment 5) Pursuit of a master of science in nursing (MSN)
Feedback 1: Answer 1 is correct. The eight domains are analytic assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural diversity, community dimensions of practice, basic public health science, financial planning and management, and leadership and systems thinking.
Feedback 2: Answer 2 is correct. The eight domains are analytic assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural diversity, community dimensions of practice, basic public health science, financial planning and management, and leadership and systems thinking.
Feedback 3: Answer 3 is incorrect. The eight domains are analytic assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural diversity, community dimensions of practice, basic public health science, financial planning and management, and leadership and systems thinking.
Feedback 4: Answer 4 is correct. The eight domains are analytic assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural diversity, community dimensions of practice, basic public health science, financial planning and management, and leadership and systems thinking.
Feedback 5: Answer 5 is incorrect. The eight domains are analytic assessment, policy development and program planning, communication, cultural diversity, community dimensions of practice, basic public health science, financial planning and management, and leadership and systems thinking.
16.Which of the following are parts of the six foundational sciences in the broader field of public health science?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.1) Biostatistics 2) Epidemiology 3) Environmental science 4) Alternative medicine 5) Sociology
Feedback 1: Answer 1 is correct. The six scientific disciplines are environmental science, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical sciences, social sciences, and behavioral sciences.
Feedback 2: Answer 2 is correct. The six scientific disciplines are environmental science, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical sciences, social sciences, and behavioral sciences.
Feedback 3: Answer 3 is correct. The six scientific disciplines are environmental science, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical sciences, social sciences, and behavioral sciences.
Feedback 4: Answer 4 is incorrect. The six scientific disciplines are environmental science, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical sciences, social sciences, and behavioral sciences.
Feedback 5: Answer 5 is correct. The six scientific disciplines are environmental science, epidemiology, biostatistics, biomedical sciences, social sciences, and behavioral sciences.
17.Which of the following is an example of health promotion?
1) An infant vaccination program 2) A smoking-cessation hotline 3) Distributing free condoms at Planned Parenthood 4) A free seminar on preparing healthier meals held at the local grocery store
A seminar on healthier cooking options is an example of health promotion. It promotes healthy behavior rather than protects against disease.
Vaccinations provide protection from various communicable diseases such as chicken pox and mumps. This is an example of health protection, not health promotion. A smoking-cessation hotline would help protect people from health risks related to smoking, such as lung cancer. This is an example of health protection, not health promotion. Distributing free condoms helps protect against many sexually transmitted diseases. This is an example of health protection, not health promotion.
18.The PHN is assessing a male client. The client tells the PHN, "Our tradition believes the woman is the primary caregiver in the family." The man's statement is an example of what concept in diversity?
1) Culture 2) Race 3) Ethnicity 4) Gender
Culture refers to beliefs, values, and norms shared across a group of people. This man's statement reflects his beliefs.
Race categorizes groups of persons based on superficial criteria such as skin color and physical characteristics. This man's statement does not have to do with race. Ethnicity is similar to culture, but it refers to more broadly shared characteristics such as geographic origin and physical characteristics. This man's statement does not have to do with ethnicity. Gender refers to assigned social roles based on biological sex. While this man's statement refers to gender, it is more a statement reflecting his beliefs.
19.When acquiring a foundation of public health science, the nurse knows the best place to start is
1) At the local library 2) With a firm base in knowledge of multiple nursing theories 3) With an understanding that health and disease occur within the context of social, economic, cultural, and environmental influences on populations 4) With a knowledge of the history of ancient Egypt
When a nurse is looking to acquire a foundation in public health science, the best place to start is with an understanding that health and disease occur within the context of social, economic, cultural, and environmental influences on populations. [Show Less]
