What is desmin and what does it stain for?correct answers It is the intermediate filament for muscle. Stains for muscle tumors like rhabdomyosarcoma.
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What is cytokeratin and what does it stain for?correct answers It is the intermediate filament for epithelial cells and stains for squamous cell carcinoma and other epithelial tumors.
What are neurofilaments and what do they stain for?correct answers They are intermediate filaments for neurons and they stain for neuronal tumors such as neuroblastoma.
What are microtubules composed of and what are the characteristics of its assembly and degradation?correct answers Cylinder of alpha and beta tubulin heterdimers--each dimer has 2 GTPs associated. MTs grow slowly but collapse quickly.
Which drugs act on microtubules?correct answers Vincristine / vinblastine (anti-cancer), paclitaxel (anti-cancer), colchicine (anti-gout), griseofulvin (anti-fungal), mebendazole (antihelminthic)
What are the two molecular motor proteins and in what direction does each transport its cargo?correct answers Kinesin: anterograde, so towards + end of MT. Dynein: retrograde, so towards - end
Labile cell types: what are they and what are some examples?correct answers These are continuously dividing--they never go to G0, and progress straight to a short G1. Skin, gut epithelium, germ cells, hair follicles, bone marrow are all examples.
Which cell type is most affected by chemotherapy?correct answers Labile cells!
What does RER do?correct answers Synthesizes secretory proteins and performs N-linked oligosaccharide addition.
What is a Nissl body and what does it do?correct answers Nissl bodies are RER in neurons. They secrete peptide neurotransmitters for secretion.
What do free ribosomes make?correct answers Proteins for cytosol and organelles.
What cell types are rich in RER?correct answers Mucous-secreting goblet cells of the small intestine and antibody-secreting plasma cells.
What does SER do and where is SER heavily concentrated?correct answers SER synthesizes steroids and detoxes poisons and drugs. It is common in liver hepatocytes and adrenals / gonads (these last two make steroid hormones!)
What does the Golgi apparatus do?correct answers It modifies N-linked oligosaccharides on asparagine and adds O-linked oligosaccharides to serine and threonine. It also adds mannose-6phosphates to proteins destined for lysosomes.
What do endosomes do?correct answers They are the organizing centers of the cell for things that are brought in from extracellular environment and also for vesicles from the golgi. It packages and sends things either to lysosomes, back to golgi, or to membrane, etc. [Show Less]