The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the pituitary gland and its target organ is the kidney. ADH leaves the head in the jugular vein.
A. aorta
B... [Show More] . pulmonary artery
C. pulmonary vein
D. renal artery
E. vena cava
In what order will the hormone pass through the following blood vessels to reach its target?
All blood in the systemic venous system will drain to the vena cava [E], where it will enter the right side of the heart, before being pumped into the pulmonary artery [B] towards the lungs. After oxygenation in the lungs, the blood will drain back to the heart via the pulmonary vein [C], and enter the left side of the heart. All blood leaving the left ventricle enters the aorta [A], and the ADH in this blood will eventually find its way to the renal artery [D] where it can exert its effect.
The answer is therefore E [E, B, C, A, D]
A faster way to do this would be to realise that the target organ is the kidney, thus the final artery must be the renal artery - option E is the only option that gives the renal artery as the final stage
In an A.C. generator driving a resistive load, a coil is rotated slowly between the poles of a magnet.
Which of the following will increase if the coil is rotated more quickly?
1: the frequency of the A.C.
2: the amplitude of the A.C.
3: the output e.m.f. of the generator (e.m.f. = electromotive force, measured in volts)
In an alternating current generator, turning the coils faster increases the output voltage (aka electromotive force), the frequency and amplitude of the A.C. produced.
1 - the frequency increases because the generator completes more rotations in the same time.
2 - the amplitude increases because a higher voltage is induced in the coil
3 - this is just a fact. emf is also increased by adding more turns, using a stronger magnet or having an iron core.
Therefore, the answer is E.
during exhalation what happens
volume of thorax increases
diaphragm becomes more convex
pressure in thorax increases
ribs pivot down and inwards
During exhalation, the aim is to empty the lungs of air.
To do this we decrease the volume in our thorax which helps force the air out; this ia also helped by the ribs moving in and down. The diaphragm relaxes, making it curve upwards more. This decreases the volume of the thorax / lungs, thus increasing the pressure, which in turn helps to expel the air from the lungs (due to a pressure gradient between lungs and the external environment).
Exhaling is a passive process as far as concerns the respiratory muscles.
For inspiration, contraction of the external intercostals (marked on the diagram) lifts the ribcage, and contraction of the diaphragm causes it to descend; both of these actions lower the pressure and allow air to enter.
Therefore the opposite is true for exhalation and as the volume decreases, the pressure increases and forces air out of the lungs.
The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the pituitary gland and its target organ is the kidney. ADH leaves the head in the jugular vein.
A. aorta
B. pulmonary artery
C. pulmonary vein
D. renal artery
E. vena cava
In what order will the hormone pass through the following blood vessels to reach its target?
All blood in the systemic venous system will drain to the vena cava [E], where it will enter the right side of the heart, before being pumped into the pulmonary artery [B] towards the lungs. After oxygenation in the lungs, the blood will drain back to the heart via the pulmonary vein [C], and enter the left side of the heart. All blood leaving the left ventricle enters the aorta [A], and the ADH in this blood will eventually find its way to the renal artery [D] where it can exert its effect.
The answer is therefore E [E, B, C, A, D]
A faster way to do this would be to realise that the target organ is the kidney, thus the final artery must be the renal artery - option E is the only option that gives the renal artery as the final stage
In an A.C. generator driving a resistive load, a coil is rotated slowly between the poles of a magnet.
Which of the following will increase if the coil is rotated more quickly?
1: the frequency of the A.C.
2: the amplitude of the A.C.
3: the output e.m.f. of the generator (e.m.f. = electromotive force, measured in volts)
In an alternating current generator, turning the coils faster increases the output voltage (aka electromotive force), the frequency and amplitude of the A.C. produced.
1 - the frequency increases because the generator completes more rotations in the same time.
2 - the amplitude increases because a higher voltage is induced in the coil
3 - this is just a fact. emf is also increased by adding more turns, using a stronger magnet or having an iron core.
Therefore, the answer is E.
during exhalation what happens
volume of thorax increases
diaphragm becomes more convex
pressure in thorax increases
ribs pivot down and inwards
During exhalation, the aim is to empty the lungs of air.
To do this we decrease the volume in our thorax which helps force the air out; this ia also helped by the ribs moving in and down. The diaphragm relaxes, making it curve upwards more. This decreases the volume of the thorax / lungs, thus increasing the pressure, which in turn helps to expel the air from the lungs (due to a pressure gradient between lungs and the external environment).
Exhaling is a passive process as far as concerns the respiratory muscles.
For inspiration, contraction of the external intercostals (marked on the diagram) lifts the ribcage, and contraction of the diaphragm causes it to descend; both of these actions lower the pressure and allow air to enter.
Therefore the opposite is true for exhalation and as the volume decreases, the pressure increases and forces air out of the lungs. [Show Less]
