Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Answer- Group of conditions affects functionality (autism, Rett Syndrome,
childhood disintegrative disorder,
... [Show More] Asperger's disorder, other...)
(diverse amount of medical conditions affecting mental or behavioral
status...)
PDD often used...describe disorders have no biological status of
significant effect on social and educational levels of clients.
Multiply Handicapped - Answer- An individual with more than one diagnosed impairment; a physical or sensory handicap accompanied by another handicap which inhibits normal development or adjustment.
Rhett Syndrome - Answer- a rare disorder found virtually exclusively in girls, is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the child usually develops normally unitl about 6 to 18 months of age at which characteristics of the syndrome emerge; characteristics include: hypotonia (loss of muscle tone), reduced eye contact, decelerated head growth, and disinterest in play activities
Williams Syndrome - Answer- Neurobehavioral congenital disorder evidenced by
delayed motor development,
notable difficulty in visual and spatial functioning, visuospatial
mild to moderate intellectual disability.
...able to demonstrate hyperacusis, social and verbal fluency, and a
marked responsiveness to music**
Developmental Disability - Answer- Originates prior to 18 years of age and is an indefinitely continuing handicap
Anecdotal Record - Answer- Narrative account of behaviors and events which is recorded while observing
Ambulation - Answer- Walk/move from place to place
Paralysis - Answer- Is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial.
Manual Dexterity - Answer- Is the ability to use your hands in a skillful, coordinated way to grasp and manipulate objects and demonstrate small, precise movements.
ISO Principle - Answer- developed by Altshuler. Matching a clients mood/intensity then gradually bring it back down
Incontinence - Answer- Lack of self-restraint or lack of voluntary control of urination/defecation
Apoplexy - Answer- Unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage or stroke.
Perceptual Motor - Answer- Pertaining to the organization and interpretation of a stimulus and its motor response
Renal Failure - Answer- A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.
Evidence Based Practice - Answer- The AMTA adopted the following definition of evidence-based music therapy practice in 2010: "Evidence-based music therapy practice integrates the best available research, the music therapists' expertise, and the needs, values, and preferences of the individual served."
Reliability - Answer- Consistency - Test can be taken multiple times and the same answer is always gained
Validity - Answer- Measures what it is suppose to measure
Baseline-Treatment Design - Answer- A design which compares behavior under conditions of no treatment and treatment of some kind
Case Studies - Answer- Examinations of clients undergoing treatment, generally reporting the progress of a single case or group over time
Experimental Group Design - Answer- Any number of designs which employ the scientific methods to test a hypothesis and control experimental variables in a highly structured manner
Matched Pair Design/Correlated Equivalent Groups - Answer- Experimental design which first equates two groups of subjects on the basis of some relevant criteria, assigns one to a treatment condition and one to a condition without treatment; then compares the performance of the two groups
Random Group Design - Answer- An experimental group design which randomly assigns subjects to treatment conditions and compares performances of groups undergoing treatment vs. without treatment
Repeated Measure Design - Answer- An experimental group design in which repeated observations of subjects under different treatment or no treatment conditions allows subjects to act as their own controls
Multiple Baseline Design - Answer- A single subject, applied behavior analysis design in which a treatment is added successively to two or more subjects, behaviors, setting or other similar units, while other conditions are held constant.
Pretest-Posttest Design: - Answer-
Reversal Design (ABAB design): - Answer- A single subject, applied behavior analysis design which generally involves observing behavior during baseline, treatment, a return to baseline, then treatment is reapplied
Single Subject, Applied behavior analysis design: - Answer- A research design, which assesses the effect of treatment.
Task Analysis - Answer- A detailed breakdown of the behaviors involved in a particular skill or task, listed in the order of occurrence.
FAPE - Answer- Free & Appropriate Public Education (current FAPE law is IDEA)
IDEA - Answer- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
LRE - Answer- Least Restrictive Environment
PLOP - Answer- Present Level of Performance
Labile - Answer- Quickly altering emotional state
Enmeshment - Answer- is description of a relationship between two or more people in which personal boundaries are permeable and unclear. This often happens on an emotional level in which two people "feel" each other's emotions or when one person becomes emotionally escalated and the other family member(s) do as well.
Discriminative Stimulus - Answer- A cue that results in a response only after the stimulus
Psychiatric Musicology - Answer- A music therapy approach which uses music as a metaphor for examining relationships
Aphasia - Answer- Disorder of language due to a brain damage. Language is disproportionally worse when compared to other cognitive functions/impairments. Specific to brain areas responsible for language
Apraxia - Answer- Inability to execute or carry out purposeful movements effects expressive speech
Ataxia - Answer- Lack of coordination of muscle movements
Dysarthria - Answer- Problems with muscles that make it difficult to pronounce words
Dysnomia - Answer- Learning disability associated with difficulty retrieving correct words/names/etc. from memroy
Dysphagia - Answer- Language disorder associated with swallowing issues
Dysphoric - Answer- Feelings of dejection, underestimation of self
Schedule of Reinforcement - Answer- behavioral requirements for reinforcing stimulus to be delivered
Fixed-ratio schedule - Answer- trick or treating getting one piece of candy per house
Fixed- interval schedule: - Answer- Working - getting paid $6.50 an hour
Variable-ratio schedule: - Answer- Slot machine - pays off on average 1 every 50 pulls
Variable-interval schedule - Answer- Fishing - the fish bit on average 1 every 20 mins
Selective attention - Answer- the capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously.
Focused attention - Answer- is the brain's ability to concentrate its attention on a target stimulus for any period of time.
Shifting attention - Answer- moving the focus of attention from one thing to another
Sustained attention - Answer- - the ability to focus on a particular activity or stimulus for a long period of time
Divided Attention - Answer- Occurs when mental focus is on multiple tasks or ideas at once. Also known as multitasking: singing along to a song while driving, having a conversation while walking.
Encephalitis - Answer- inflammation of the brain
Child Onset Fluency Disorder - Answer- Trouble with flow of speech
Autonomy - Answer- self-directing freedom and especially moral independence.
Executive functions - Answer- decision making, problem solving
Assessment Domains: - Answer-
Pyschosocial - Answer- quantity and quality of a persons interpersonal interaction
Emotional - Answer- Appropriateness of affect and emotional responses to various situations
Communicative - Answer- expressive & receptive language skills
Sensorimotor - Answer- Sensorimotor: responses to various stimuli
- Answer- Types of therapy/practice that relate to music therapy
Behavioral therapy - Answer- This approach focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal behaviors. Classic conditioning: Pavlov's dog: associated sound with food. Desensitizing: client with phobia - repeated exposure.
Cognitive behavioral therapy - Answer- focuses on both thoughts and behaviors
Cognitive therapy - Answer- Focuses on what people think rather than what they do. Believes that it's dysfunctional thinking that leads to dysfunctional emotions/behaviors
Holistic therapy - Answer- refers to a school of thought in therapy that attempts to address an individual as a whole person rather than as someone who is sick, just has psychological issues, or as being separated into different components. Holistic therapy attempts to address the individual in terms of their mind, spirit, and body.
Humanistic therapy - Answer- Humanistic approach emphasizes people's capacity to make rational choices and develop to their maximum potential. Concern and respect for others are also important themes.
Existential therapy - Answer- focuses on free will, self-determination and the search for meaning of life. Taking control of your life
Neuroscience: - Answer- how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Psychodynamic - Answer- This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations.
Rational Emotive Therapy - Answer- Attempts to confront one's rational belief system as a method of solving problems
Person Centered therapy - Answer- identifies that each person has the capacity and desire for personal growth and change. The therapist offers support, guidance, and structure so that the client can discover personalized solutions within themselves.
Gestalt Therapy - Answer- Therapists use creative and experiential techniques to enhance awareness, freedom and self-direction. People are intricately linked to and influenced by their environments and that all people strive toward growth and balance. Work toward become more self-aware.
Reality therapy - Answer- Focuses on improving current behaviors, relationships and circumstances while avoiding discussion of past events
Insight Music Therapy - Answer- An approach to psychotherapy whose objective is awareness of causes or motivation for behavior which then leads to control over the behavior and improvement of one's condition
Reconstructive therapy - Answer- One type of insight therapy which examines unconscious and deep-set emotions in order restructure the personality
Reeducative therapy - Answer- One type of insight oriented therapy which promotes self growth and adjustment through behavior change
Metaphor - Answer- An experience or setting within which behavior is representative or indicative of other life experiences or environments
Fibromyalgia - Answer- A nonarticular rheumatic disorder, also known as myofasical pain syndrome; characterized by pain, stiffness and extreme tenderness in muscles
Transactional Analysis - Answer- System of psychotherapy proposed by Eric Berne which examines interactions in terms of explicit roles and games as a method of recognizing and understanding these patterns of behaviors
Music Therapy Clinical Standards for - Answer- (Reread the Clinical Standards on AMTA)
Addictive Disorders - Answer- Use of music to restore, maintain and improve mental, physical and physiological needs.
- Answer- Include family member participation in the treatment plan when appropriate
At the time of termination of services, evaluate client's functioning levels in - Answer- physiological, affective, sensory, communicative, social-emotional, and cognitive functioning
Consultant: - Answer- May provide services to other professionals in the MT and related disciplines and others directly involved with the client
Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities - Answer- Significant delay in intellectual development and adaptive behavior, formerly known as mental retardation.
Educational Settings - Answer- Use of music as a medium for assisting the students in meeting defined educational goals & objectives. MT works closely with team
Evaluation of goals & objectives must be made according to the ESP - Answer-
Older Adults: - Answer- Use of music with emphasis on the development, restoration or maintenance of each individual at the highest possible level of functioning
Medical Setting - Answer- Use of music (not limited to) designated as medical-surgical, pediatric, palliative care, obstetrics, rehabilitation and wellness care. Include family member in participation in the treatment plan when appro [Show Less]