BKAT Critical Care Review
Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - ANSWER 2-8 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range -
... [Show More] ANSWER 6-12 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - ANSWER 20-30 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - ANSWER 5-15 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - ANSWER 11-20 mmHg
Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - ANSWER 800-1200 mmHg
Preload - ANSWER volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What is preload affected by? - ANSWER venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? - ANSWER Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload - ANSWER Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? - ANSWER Vasoconstricters and vasodilators Contractility - ANSWER the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - ANSWER 5-10 min
What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - ANSWER Left ventricle
What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - ANSWER Right ventricle
What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - ANSWER Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure
What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - ANSWER Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
Difference between stable and unstable angina - ANSWER Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? - ANSWER ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia - ANSWER Peaked T waves
What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - ANSWER Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis
What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - ANSWER to increase cardiac output
What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload, afterload, and contractility? - ANSWER They both increase cardiac output, heart rate, and contractility
Special precautions of Nipride - ANSWER It can cause severe hypotension and cyanide toxicity [Show Less]