What part of an organization is directly responsible for safety?
The Line - People doing work on the floor
Safety Policy
A broad statement
... [Show More] outlining an organizational commitment to safety
Safety Program
A broad set of plans and policies addressing the safety goals of an organization
Plan
A documented strategy for getting something accomplished - it may or may not be implemented. Ex. of not implemented: natural disasters
Heinrich's Theory
88% of accidents caused by unsafe acts
3 "Es" for preventing accidents caused by unsafe acts according to Heinrich
Engineering, Education, Enforcement
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X ("Xternal): Employees need external rewards and punishments - employees need some consequences and do not have internal motivation
Theory Y: Some employees are internally motivated
Theory Z
Japanese style management theory - team approach
Chris Agyris - Incongruence Theory
There is disconnect between management and workers
Herzberg Motivation/Hygiene Theory
Hygiene (Satisfaction) Factors:
- Money
- Status
- Relationship with Manager
- Company Policies
- Work Conditions
Motivation Factors:
- Achievement
- Recognition
- Enjoyment of Work
- Possibility of Promotion
- Responsibility
Must build both Satisfaction and Motivation into job
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Safety second in this hierarchy (MAYBE LOOK TO LECTURE FOR MORE HERE TOO)
Pareto Principle
80-20 Rule; 80% of effects results from 20% of causes
Role of Principals in a Company
Set policies and objectives for an organization. CEO: Sets example for safety; should participate in safety meetings
From where is authority of safety function in a company generally derived?
Ability to influence LINE management
How is the size of safety department generally determined?
- Frequency of Accidents
- Tasks Assigned to Safety Department
- Number of Workers
ISO 9001
- QUALITY CONTROL standard
- Documentation is key
- Elements:
- Quality MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- Management RESPONSIBILITY
- RESOURCE management
- Product REALIZATION
- Measurement, Analysis, Improvement
ISO 14000
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ISO 4501
Standard being developed for safety
OHSAS 18000
- Voluntary Standard
- Aimed at helping organizations control
occupational health/safety risks
ANZI/AIHA Z10
- "Plan, do, check, act" model
OSHA VPP
- Voluntary Protection Program
- 4 Components:
- Management LEADERSHIP and employee
INVOLVEMENT
- Worksite ANALYSIS
- Hazard PREVENTION and CONTROL
- Safety and Health TRAINING
General Duty Clause (OSHA)
- Catch-all clause that OSHA uses if there is not a specific regulation that applies
- Employers must provide a safe worksite
OSHA Inspection Priority
1. Imminent Danger - Ex. People observed working on the roof not tied off
2. Catastrophe/Accident
3. Employee Complaint
4. Programmed High Hazard - Scheduled inspections for high hazard industries
5. Follow-Up
Horizontal and Vertical Standards
- Horizontal: applies to everyone
- Vertical: industry specific (ex. welding)
- Vertical takes precedence over horizontal
OSHA 300 Log
- Annual log of injuries and illnesses
- Must be posted Feb 1 - APRIL 30 each year
OSHA 301 Form
Incident Log
Machine Safeguarding Principles
- Prevent people from contacting dangerous machine parts
- Moving parts
- Hot parts
- Prevent flying parts from hitting people
Machine Motions - 5 types
1. Rotation
- Shafts
- Pulleys
2. Reciprocating or Transverse
- Jig-saw
3. In-running Nip Points (Pinch point)
- Chain and sprocket
- Belt and pulley
4. Cutting
- Circular saw
- Drill
5. Punching
- Shearing, bending
Danger Line
- Point where dangerous action occ [Show Less]